264 Pa. 169 | Pa. | 1919
Lead Opinion
Opinion by
This is an appeal by the claimant from an order striking off a mechanic’s lien. The owner, Richard L. Wallace, on June 21,1917, entered into a written agreement with the claimant, William E. S. Dyer, a mill engineer and architect, by which the latter was to prepare plans and supervise the construction of a wool scouring plant on a tract of land at Eighty-first street and Bartram avenue, Philadelphia. The plant was to embrace two warehouses, a power house, a steam piping system and other structures and equipment. The contract states that, “As compensation in full for services to be rendered by him the said Dyer shall be paid a commission of ten per cent of the total cost of the building construction and equipment.” On May 13, 1918, Mr. Dyer filed the lien here in question setting forth a copy of the contract and claiming $18,134.88, made up of items in the attached schedule. The lien sets forth, inter alia, “The said claimant......supervised the construction of the buildings erected and the installation of the machinery placed therein. The said claimant entered upon the performance of the said services on June 21, 1917, and was continuously engaged in the performance thereof from said date until the filing of this lien when the said Richard L. Wallace refused to permit the said claimant to continue the supervision of the unfinished portion of said work, in violation of the terms of the aforesaid contract. The lot of ground On which the several buildings hereinafter inore particularly described are erected, in course of
The schedule or bill of particulars is indefinite; while it purports to be, “In account with Richard L. Wallace & Company,” the claimant’s name does not appear therein. It mentions ten per cent commission and computes it on forty-four items, in two groups; above them appears the only date, “September 7, 1917.” The four largest items are stated thus, “No. 1 Warehouse...... Henry E. Baton, $44,000; Power House, $15,363.87; No. 2 Warehouse Bid, $74,137; Piping System, $13,371.” The other items are equally and in some instances more indefinite. The claim includes some small items, amounting to $58.76, for alleged services and expenses, aside from the contract, for which there seems to be no. justification and which we will not discuss. The amount of the claim as above stated is the balance after deducting credits of $4,717.50.
The requisites of a claim under the Act of April 17, 1905, P. L. 172, are in the main similar to those under the Act of 1836; so decisions under the earlier statute are still applicable. We will state some principles and authorities which seem to bear upon the case.
A mechanic’s lien is a pure creature of the statute, and compliance with statutory requirements is necessary to its validity: Tenth Nat. Bank v. Smith Const. Co. (No. 1), 218 Pa. 581. It must state facts and not depend on inferences: Wharton v. Real Est. Investment Co. of
The lien must set forth the amount or sum claimed to be due: Act of April 17, 1905, P. L. 172; Burrows v. Carson, 244 Pa. 6, 12; and so stated as to form the basis for a liquidation of judgment. It must contain at least one valid item: McCristal v. Cochran, 147 Pa. 225; Mercer M. & L. Co. v. Kreaps, 18 Pa. Superior Ct. 1.
The services of an architect in preparing plans cannot be made the subject of a mechanic’s lien (The Bank of Pennsylvania v. Gries, 35 Pa. 423; Price v. Kirk, 90 Pa. 47), except in connection with other services, rendered in the construction of the building: Trickett’s Law of Liens in Penna., vol. 1, sec. 9; Johnson’s Law of Mechanics’ Liens in Penna., p. 173. A construction of the Act of June 4, 1901, P. L. 431, that would extend its benefits to an architect, merely for preparing plans, would render it invalid as a special law for the extension of liens, or as changing the method for the collection of debts, in contravention of Section 7 of Article III of the Constitution of 1874; see Sax v. School District, 237 Pa. 68; Page v. Carr, 232 Pa. 371; Vulcanite Portland Cement Co. v. Allison, 220 Pa. 382.
A mechanic’s lien can be sustained only for work done or materials furnished and not for unliquidated damages for breach of contract: Deeds v. Imperial Brick Co., 219 Pa. 579. There, Mr. Justice Stewakt, in delivering the opinion of the court, says (p. 582), “By no sort of construction can a mechanic’s lien be made to embrace anything, whether labor or material, not actually furnished. Plaintiffs had a right to subject the building to a lien
The most specific item is the one first above quoted, viz: “No. 1 Warehouse — Henry E. Baton, $44,000”; which, it is suggested, is sufficiently specific; but it is not averred that Henry E. Baton was the contractor for that building or that the sum stated was its cost. Such conclusion must be reached if at all by inference and not from averment. Neither do we agree with the suggestion that the averments as to the machinery placed in the power house are sufficient; for example, take the largest of those items, stated in the bill of particulars as, “Permutit Company......$6,570.00”; there is no averment that this sum was the cost of or connected with the Permutit Water Softener equipment mentioned in the body of the claim; and placing it in the bill of particulars in a separate group of items from the power house adds to the uncertainty. The lien cannot be sustained as a claim for work actually done, independent of the contract, as there is no averment of the value of such work.
While some averments standing alone might be sufficient yet we should consider the claim as a whole; for example, there is a general statement to the effect that claimant performed the contract on his part, but followed by a specific statement that he was discharged during the progress of the work and prevented from completing it, and we cannot ignore the latter averment. We are considering the lien as if filed by a contractor and not by a subcontractor.
Error is also assigned to the order of the court below refusing to allow an amendment of the mechanic’s lien in question. Section 51 of the Act of June 4, 1901, P. L. 454, 3 Purdon’s Digest (13th Ed.), p. 2504, provides that the claim, etc., “may be amended......upon petition for that purpose under oath or affirmation setting forth the amendment desired, that the averments therein contained are true in fact, and that by mistake they were omitted from or wrongfully stated in the particulars as to which
The assignments of error are overruled and the orders appealed from are affirmed.
Dissenting Opinion
Dissenting Opinion by
Plaintiff filed a mechanic’s lien against defendant as ' owner and contractor, defendant moved to strike it off, plaintiff moved for leave to amend, the court dismissed the latter motion and made absolute the former, and plaintiff appeals.
Section 11 of the Act of June 4, 1901, P. L. 431, as amended by Section 1 of the Act of April 17,1905, P. L. 172, specifically sets forth what averments are necessary in a mechanic’s lien; with slight changes of verbiage, not affecting the meaning, they are the same as in Section 12 of the Act of June 16, 1836, P. L. 695, and hence the decisions under the latter act, so far as authorities are needed, are pertinent in considering the questions at issue in this case.
The requirements are threefold: First, that the claim shall set forth “the names of the party claimant and of the owner or reputed owner of the building, and also of the contractor, architect or builder.” The claim in this case says that the name of the claimant is William E. S. Dyer, the owner is Richard L. Wallace, and the contractor is the said Richard L. Wallace, trading as R. L. Wallace & Company. The second requirement is that the claim shall specify “the amount or sum claimed to be due and the nature or kind of the work done, or the kind and amount of materials furnished, or both, and the time
Section 5 of the Act of April 16, 1845, P. L. 538, was passed to give to the principal contractor the right to file a lien, even though he had a special contract with the owner; and under it, beginning with Young v. Lyman, 9 Pa. 449, and running down to the present time (Brown v. Myers, 145 Pa. 17, 20; Murphy v. Bear, 240 Pa. 448, 451), it has been consistently held where the contract was made directly with the owner, it was not necessary to set forth the items for which the lien was filed, unless the contract itself provided for the work or materials to be furnished as specific items. The reason for the distinction between the two classes of liens is, in the latter class the owner already knows whether or not the lien is a proper one, and does not need to be advised in regard thereto; whereas in the former he does need the informa
Always remembering that here tbe contract was with tbe owner, and that if any one item is sufficiently averred this rule to strike off tbe entire claim must fail (McCrystal v. Cochran, 147 Pa. 225), tbe proper conclusion ought not to be difficult. Tbe contract provides “as compensation in full for services to be rendered by bim, tbe said Dyer shall be paid a commission of ten per cent of tbe total cost of the building construction and equipment,” and “all bids are to be submitted to Richard L. Wallace & Company; tbe several contracts are to be selected by Dyer, subject to the approval of Richard L. Wallace & Company, and placed by Richard L. Wallace & Company with tbe individual contractors.” This tbe claim avers was done, and hence it is clear defendant knew exactly what tbe bids were, who were tbe successful bidders, and what was plaintiff’s ten per cent thereof. Tbe lien says that one of tbe buildings actually “constructed” is a “power bouse” in which has been placed as part of tbe equipment, “two Coatesville boilers, Skinner engine, Western Electric Generator, Permutit Water Softener equipment, Harrison Safety Boiler Works feed water beater, Griscom-Russell hot water beater, and Walker Electric switchboard,” and “tbe particular items upon which said commission was based are particularly mentioned in tbe schedule hereto attached, marked ‘Exhibit B’”; from which we find the cost of those specific items is detailed as $8,170, $3,202, $1,815, $6,570, $670, $691, and $673, respectively. Upon those items which were “located” in the “constructed” power
Misled thereto by defendant’s denial that “any services were performed by the claimant for which a mechanic’s lien can be filed under the law,” the court below held, while it is true Section 1 of the Act of June 4,1901, P. L. 431, authorizes a lien in favor of an architect who draws plans and specifications for the work, and also superintends the erection of the structure or other improvement; yet this provision is unconstitutional because it is an extension of the right to file a lien beyond that existing at the time of the adoption of the Constitution of 1874, and under Page v. Carr, 232 Pa. 371, and kindred cases, such an extension is within the inhibition of Article III, Section 7 of the Constitution. The majority opinion does not make this error, which consists in the assumption that no such right existed when the Constitution of 1874 was adopted. In Bank of Penna. v. Gries, 35 Pa. 423, we held that an architect who draws plans and specifications of a building and also superintends its construction, is entitled to a lien. This case is followed in St. Clair Coal Company v. Martz, 75 Pa. 384, and Bernheisel v. Smothers, 5 Pa. Superior Ct. 113; and it is also recognized in Price v. Kirk, 90 Pa. 47, and Rush v. Able, 90 Pa. 153, which, however, limit its application to cases where an architect superintends the work as well as draws the plans and specifications. There is no authority to the contrary. In the present case, as quoted from the lien above, plaintiff did both, and therefore would have been entitled to a lien prior to 1874, and is now entitled to it under Section 1 of the Act of 1901.
It is next objected that the lien cannot be maintained because it shows plaintiff did not complete the work of supervision, the averment being “the said Richard L. Wallace [owner] refused to permit the said claimant to continue the supervision of the unfinished portion of said work in violation of the terms of the aforesaid contract.”
The exact point of divergence between the majority of the court and myself is found in the inquiry: Can a contractor who has been wrongfully refused permission to finish his contract, recover for work actually done, without setting forth in his lien an apportionment as between the work done and that not done? If an apportionment was requisite, still the judgment below should be reversed, for that question is not raised by the motion to strike off, defendant’s contention, as above quoted, being that the character of services performed was not such as to entitle plaintiff to a lien. That omission, if it be one, was amendable, and the lien doubtless would have been so amended had objection been made on that ground. But in this case it was not required. If the contract had been for a gross sum, perhaps it would have been (though even there, in my judgment, it would have been a matter for the jury, in view of plaintiff’s strict compliance with the act of assembly); but where, as here, the contract is