172 N.W. 69 | N.D. | 1919
This is a civil action for damages for violation of a personal relation. The record shows evidence of the following facts: The plaintiff is a widow with four minor children. Prior to and at the time of the alleged offense she operated a rooming and apartment house in the city of Minot. The defendant is a married man, thirty-eight years old, connected with the Minot Auto Company, and possessed of considerable means. Helen, the daughter of the plaintiff, from January 1, 1917, to April 13, 1917, was living with the plaintiff, helping and assisting her in housework in the operation of such rooming and apartment house and also attending business college in Minot. On the evening of April 13, 1917, Helen, then aged seventeen years, met the defendant in front of the office of the Auto Company. With her in an automobile there was another man and woman. Theretofore, she and the other two had been drinking some beer and wine. The defendant joined the party, and' with the car they all proceeded
Upon these acts of the defendant the complaint is based, and damages claimed in the sum of $10,000 predicated upon the loss of services, the society and comfort of her daughter, and the shame, humiliation, and disgrace occasioned to her, and also upon the expenses incurred by reason thereof.
When the plaintiff rested, the defendant moved for dismissal principally upon the following grounds: That the plaintiff had failed to prove any loss of services or that she had suffered any injury; that she
With regard to this action of the trial court, the learned counsel for the plaintiff, a former chief justice of this court, stated in the brief and before this court as follows: “In the light of the undisputed evidence and the well-settled rules of law as established by all of the courts of the country, the ruling of the trial court granting such motion is, to say the least, most remarkable and we very much doubt if its parallel can be found in any reported case.”
To show the pertinency of that remark and the application of such motion so made and granted, this court has stated more fully than usually necessary the substance of the evidence adduced at the trial.
With this observation so made by appellant’s counsel, we are very much inclined to agree.
Upon this record, which at least for purposes of the motion involved and the order made thereupon must be taken to be true, we can find no justification in law or in good morals for the entertaining of such motion upon any such grounds. Law prescribes a rule of conduct. It should and does exemplify good morals.
There are just two propositions that require the consideration of this court upon the record: First, the civil liability of the defendant to the plaintiff for acts of this character; and, second, the rule of damages applicable thereto.
Section 4535, Oomp. Laws 1913, so far as material provides: “The rights of personal relation forbid: The abduction or enticement of a child from a parent: The seduction of a daughter.”
Our statutes have designated as crimes various acts of illicit sexual intercourse. Section 9579, Oomp. Laws 1913, provides that adultery is the voluntary sexual intercourse of a married person with a person other than the offender’s husband or wife. Section 9563, Oomp.
Tinder the statutes the act of the defendant, criminally, if true under the evidence, is rape.
The fact that the statute has variously denominated acts of illicit intercourse and termed the same otherwise than seduction, and limited seduction criminally to acts of illicit connection made under promise of marriage, does not change seduction, as a civil wrong, or tort. Hein v. Holdridge, 78 Minn. 471, 81 N. W. 522.
Seduction as a civil injury may be generally defined as the act of a man in inducing a virtuous woman to commit unlawful sexual intercourse with him. See note in 76 Am. St. Rep. 659; Patterson v. Hayden, 17 Or. 238, 3 L.R.A. 529, 11 Am. St. Rep. 822, 21 Pac. 129. It is true that a distinction is to be drawn between mere illicit intercourse and acts of seduction. Bradshaw v. Jones, 103 Tenn. 331, 76 Am. St. Rep. 655, 52 S. W. 1072.
In the case at bar, the evidence is amply sufficient to present a question of fact to the jury, either concerning the enticement of the daughter, or concerning her seduction. It is quite clear from the testimony that the intercourse in question, not only was unlawful and illicit, but also that the defendant in his position with relation to the girl could well be said to have induced or enticed her to commit the act. The contention of the respondent that there is no evidence of the previous chastity of the girl is wholly without merit. The idea that a presumption must be indulged in that a girl of that age is not virtuous and chaste shocks both the sense of justice and good morals. In such actions the presumption of chastity should and it does obtain. See note in Ann. Cas. 1916A, 200.
Concerning the rule of damages, the necessity of showing actual loss of services when the daughter is seduced is largely disappearing, and it is wholly proper, right, and just that it should disappear, except as a legal fiction. The thought that the wrong perpetrated by the
In the petition for rehearing, respondent’s counsel objects to the statement contained in the opinion with reference to the payment of $500 to Helen Dwire. The statement is: “She met in conference with the attorney for .the defendant and received $500 in cash, paid by the defendant through his attorney, upon the understanding that she would not come back to Minot.”
This statement is merely a statement of a possible fact, of which there is some evidence. It is not a statement of an ultimate fact; and it is based upon the testimony of the girl in the shape of a deposition. The testimony is:
“Q. At that time what was said by Judge Palda to you with reference to not coming to Minot and appear at this trial ? A. He said he did not think I should come back to Minot and I told him I could not*205 live in Minneapolis for nothing, the way things were, and Mr. Palda got me $500 from Mr. Stearns.
“Q. Did he give you $500 in cash? A. Yes.
“Q. Did he make any statement to you that if you came back you would get in trouble? A. He said I could come back to Minot if I wanted to.
“Q. Did he say if you did come you would get in trouble ? A. No.
“Q. He gave you $500 with the understanding that you would not come back to Minot ? A. Yes.
“Q. Was there any statement in substance that your mother’s case would not amount to anything if you did not come back? A. Mr. Palda said at one time my mother offered to settle for $1,500.
“Q. That is all that was said? A. Yes.”
Hpon cross examination, witness testified:
“Q. You were told specifically by me (Judge Palda) that it did not make any difference whether you came back or not, that it was up to you, didn’t I? A. You told me you can come back to Minot if you want to.”
On re-direct examination:
“Q. At the time you talked with Judge Palda and he gave you this $500, he gave you to understand he was there representing the defendant, Mr. Stearns? A. Yes, sir.”
Inasmuch as the statement in the opinion might be misconstrued as the statement of an ultimate fact which, if true, would reflect seriously upon a member of the bar, it is thought proper to state the exact condition of the evidence in connection therewith.