504 So. 2d 258 | Ala. | 1987
This appeal is from a judgment in favor of the plaintiff in a personal injury lawsuit. The defendant contends that a directed verdict should have been granted because, he says, as a matter of law, the plaintiff failed to establish that the defendant's negligence was the proximate cause of the plaintiff's injuries, and because, he says, as a matter of law, the plaintiff was guilty of contributory negligence.
The plaintiff, Ronald Gaither, was employed as a produce clerk at a Winn-Dixie grocery store in Alexander City, Alabama. Part of his responsibility in the produce department was to help unload trucks delivering fresh produce. The defendant, William Durden, was the store manager.
The evidence presented at trial shows that the store employees unloaded both produce trucks and grocery trucks by means of a roller system. The rollers are made in sections which can be connected to allow employees to roll boxes out of the delivery trucks and into the rear of the store. On the day in question, July 24, 1984, the plaintiff was guiding boxes of *259 watermelons along the rollers toward the store. The rollers began to fall and the plaintiff unsuccessfully tried to push them back up. When the rollers did fall, a box of watermelons knocked the plaintiff to the floor. He injured his back in the fall. As a result of that injury, the plaintiff claimed, he was forced to have two spinal discs surgically removed. He also claimed that the injury forced him to quit his job and that he has been unable to work since that time.
In addition to filing a workmen's compensation claim against Winn-Dixie, Gaither filed this action against Durden. Plaintiff Gaither alleged that, as manager, it was Durden's responsibility to order new rollers when existing ones became dangerously worn; that Durden failed to do so, despite knowledge that the rollers in use were dangerous and tended to collapse; and that Gaither was injured as a result of having to use that dangerous equipment. The trial judge entered judgment for plaintiff, pursuant to a jury's verdict, for $125,000.
The first ground urged by the defendant as reversible error concerns the trial court's refusal to direct a verdict on the basis that the plaintiff "did not prove what proximately caused the rollers to fall on the occasion of his injury." (Emphasis in appellant's brief.) He bases this assertion on a lack of proof regarding which particular rollers were involved, the exact number used, or the particular defect in the rollers which caused them to fall. He related evidence which showed that new rollers would sometimes fall, and thus he contends that the mere fact that the produce rollers were "too old" and the plaintiff had complained about them is insufficient to support a verdict for the plaintiff.
The law regarding proximate cause is clear in this regard:
Western Ry. of Alabama v. Still,"It is only when the facts are such that reasonable men must draw the same conclusion that the question of proximate cause is one of law for the courts. Morgan v. City of Tuscaloosa,
268 Ala. 493 ,108 So.2d 342 (1959), and authorities cited therein. Normally, questions must go to the jury, if the evidence, or any reasonable inference therefrom, furnishes a scintilla in support of the theory of the complaint. Alabama Power Co. v. Taylor,293 Ala. 484 ,306 So.2d 236 (1975); Rule 50(e), ARCP."
Durden argues that this case is similar to this Court's case of McDowell McDowell, Inc. v. Barnett,
Durden next contends that the trial court erred in failing to direct a verdict because of the plaintiff's alleged contributory negligence. This Court's review on this issue is very similar to its review on the previous issue. This Court, in Elba Wood Products, Inc. v. Brackin,
Id. at 124. See Fireman's Fund Am. Ins. Co. v. Coleman,"Contributory negligence requires that the party charged have knowledge of the condition or failure, have appreciation of danger under the surrounding conditions and circumstances, and yet fail to exercise reasonable care but rather put himself into the way of danger. State Farm Mutual Auto. Ins. Co. v. Dodd,
276 Ala. 410 ,162 So.2d 621 (1964); Mackintosh Co. v. Wells,218 Ala. 260 ,118 So. 276 (1928). Contributory negligence is for the jury where there is a scintilla of evidence to the contrary. Nashville, Chattanooga St. Louis Railway v. Wilson,271 Ala. 615 ,126 So.2d 110 (1961). The question of whether plaintiff is guilty of contributory negligence as a matter of law arises only when facts are such that all reasonable men must draw the same conclusion therefrom, and the question is for the jury when, under the facts and circumstances, reasonable minds may fairly differ on the question of negligence vel non. Baptist Medical Center v. Byars,289 Ala. 713 ,271 So.2d 847 (1972). These principles of law are likewise applicable to the defense of subsequent contributory negligence."
Durden contends that the case of Wallace v. Doege,
Durden's final allegation of error deals with certain statements made by plaintiff's counsel during his closing argument, when the following occurred:
"MR. MORRIS: You will note that the defendant in this case put on no evidence whatsoever.
"MR. BRASWELL: Your Honor, I object to that. I object to that. The evidence was put on.
"(Bench conference held outside the hearing of the jury.)
"MR. BRASWELL: That's a comment on failure to put on evidence and he testified. And I object to it and move for a mistrial.
"MR. HAYNES: Judge, it's not a criminal case. It's a civil case.
"MR. BRASWELL: And the same fairness pertains, and that is a comment on failure to put on evidence, when everybody testified —
"MR. MORRIS: That's proper argument.
"MR. BRASWELL: Fairness — simple fairness —
"MR. MORRIS: He chose that, Judge.
"THE COURT: I overrule the objection.
"(Bench conference concluded; jury present.) *261
"MR. HAYNES: The defendant in this case didn't put on one shred of evidence before you. They didn't come up here and they didn't deny the things that were said.
"MR. BRASWELL: Your Honor, that's just —
"(Bench conference held outside the hearing of the jury.)
"MR. BRASWELL: We did put on evidence. We cross-examined witnesses, and we did deny it. And that's just an incorrect statement of the premise of this case.
"MR. MORRIS: Judge, this is argument —
"MR. BRASWELL: I agree. It's just inflammatory. And —
"MR. MORRIS: He can't testify — when he was in the middle of saying that they didn't deny one time that these rollers were not defective [sic]. That's the sentence he was halfway in the middle of. This is closing argument in this case.
"MR. BRASWELL: The statement we didn't put on any evidence is not true; we did put on evidence. We cross-examined —
"(Bench conference concluded; jury present.)
"THE COURT: Ladies and Gentlemen, you have heard the evidence in the case. And the lawyers can't add anything to it or take anything away from it. And it's up to you to recall what the evidence was and what the testimony was that was presented to you. And I will — as the attorneys go through their closing argument, I will ask that you bear that in mind and see if you recall things the way the attorneys describe them to you. The defendant in this case did not present evidence after the close of the plaintiff's case. The defendant did cross-examine witnesses and so forth. And, in reaching whatever verdict that you reach, I would suggest that you rely not on trial tactics one way or the other but what evidence — the totality of it — what evidence did you hear. And, after the arguments are finished, I will give you the law. And you just base your verdict on evidence and on the law, and we will proceed on that basis."
Assuming, arguendo, that the comments of plaintiff's counsel were improper, the defendant has cited no cases and no good reasons which mandate reversal in this situation. Here, it is clear from the record that the trial judge gave the jury a timely instruction in which he stated that the defendant cross-examined witnesses, etc.; we find that the defendant has failed to show reversible error in the trial court's overruling of his objection to plaintiffs closing argument.
Based on the foregoing, the judgment is due to be, and it hereby is, affirmed.
AFFIRMED.
TORBERT, C.J., and ALMON, BEATTY and HOUSTON, JJ., concur.