129 Mo. 5 | Mo. | 1895
Plaintiff began this action in the circuit court of Harrison county, claiming damages of defendant for obstructing and damming up the head of a drain ditch on defendant’s own land, in which plaintiff claimed an easement. The petition charged, in .substance, that, in the year 1878, one Thomas B. Allen and William Allen (the then owners of the land now owned by plaintiff and defendant), together with ■others owning land in the neighborhood, for the purpose of reclaiming and draining the wet and marshy-parts of their lands, in consideration of the mutual benefits to be derived therefrom, made and entered into a contract between themselves for the digging, constructing and perpetual maintenance of a ditch or drain suitable for that purpose, and that, under said contract and agreement, the parties thereto, at great labor and cost, dug an open ditch in said section on and across the land now owned by defendant, in such a manner and of such capacity as to drain and furnish an outlet for all the surface water that might from time to time collect on the lands along the line of the ditch as well as the land of Thomas B. Allen, now owned by plaintiff, thereby making same suitable for farming purposes; that the ditch has since been kept, maintained and repaired by plaintiff and his grantor with the knowledge and consent of defendant and his grantors; that plaintiff, with knowledge of the original contract and all that had been done thereunder, and believing that the ditch would in the future remain and be maintained where it was first located in the year 1878, purchased and became the owner of forty acres immediately west of, and adjoining, the forty acres on which the ditch in controversy was dug, and now owns the same; that defendant purchased the forty acres east, on which the ditch obstructed is located, in the year 1883,
The case was tried by a jury under instructions from the court resulting in a verdict for plaintiff, on which, in due time, a judgment was rendered.
Defendant, at the close of plaintiff’s testimony, offered an instruction in the nature of a demurrer to the evidence, which was by the court refused, and after offering testimony in his own behalf, and at the close thereof, again renewed his demand for a peremptory instruction directing the jury to return a verdict for defendant, which was by the court denied, and to which action of the court in refusing said instruction defendant again duly excepted. The court then gave
The correctness or incorrectness of the legal propositions therein contained we will not in detail discuss, as we deem it unnecessary to the disposition of this case. It is not the province of the court to give instructions based on the allegations of the petition when no legal proof has been offered to sustain them, or where there is a complete lack of proof of one of the controlling substantial averments thereof. Under these conditions, the jury have no judgment to exercise. The court by mandatory instructions directs their finding. Where there is any substantial evidence, . and whether direct or inferential, the jury have the determination of the case, it is true; but the court must first determine there is some evidence, if true, to support a finding for' plaintiff, or there is no submission to the jury.
It was necessary to show that an easement had been created, either by direct deed of grant in favor of plaintiff, or his grantor, or some servitude imposed by grant on the land of defendant and in favor of plaintiff (and that can be done only by the production of an existing deed), or that plaintiff or his grantors had obtained a prescriptive right to the use of the ditch by long enjoyment of the easement claimed, under circumstances which raise an implication of title originally acquired by grant. Yet, from an examination of the abstract of testimony furnished in this case, the proof shows that no agreement for a right of use of the ditch or drain across the land of the defendant was ever made.
The witness William H. Allen, who owned the land at the time the ditch was made, testifying for plaintiff, :says only this, in support of the allegations of plaintiff’s petition as to “the great expenditures of money and labor by plaintiff’s grantors in the construe
If the contract declared on in plaintiff’s petition (which fails to /state whether parol or written) was ascertained at the trial to be a parol agreement authorizing plaintiff’s grantors to enter upon defendant’s premises for the purpose of constructing and maintaining a ditch to flow water from plaintiff’s land through defendant’s premises to a neighboring stream, then it would have been the duty of the court to have taken the case from the jury, although the contract, and the work and labor expended by plaintiff under same have been undisputed. In such a case nothing more than a mere license has been shown and it was revocable, and was revoked by the denial to plaintiff of its further employment, by. the act of defendant in placing the dam or obstruction at its head, and the court should have directed a finding against plaintiff on that showing.
And ‘if a written agreement had been produced, showing the respective rights of the parties, the court would have still been required to give construction to the instrument, and if no valid grant of the ditch or a water course to plaintiff was manifest upon its face, but a mere written permission or license given to use same, to declare such to the jury.
In this case there was no written contract between the parties shown. There was no independent assertion of right to the ditch by plaintiff or his grantors, open, adverse or hostile to the right of defendant or his grantors, in and to the ditch, on which a prescription of a presupposed former grant could be raised in favor of plaintiff or his grantor, by ten years’ adverse user, and for which reasons defendant’s peremptory instruction should have been given.
While the law regards the long enjoyment of an easement by one person in the lands of another as evidence that a deed once existed for the exercise of the right, and gives it the same effect as if existing, it is not true that the long exercise of a mere right or privilege of the use by one person in, over or across the lands of another, will create an easement therein, or burden the estate used in favor of the claimant, owner, or estate benefited by the use. The use, exercise or enjoyment of the right under the last named circumstances, may amount to nothing more than a mere license, to be revoked at the pleasure of the licensor, regardless of the length of time the privilege had been enjoyed. The limitation, or prescriptive period, furnishes to the beneficiary no right or authority for continual enjoyment.
In this case there was nothing to show that plaintiff had over done anything to the ditch, except to enjoy the
When no legal proof is offered, as in this case, the jury are not called to exercise its judgment. No grant shown in favor of plaintiff, no agreement looking to a grant and a use of the right contracted for under the agreement for the limitation period that presumed a grant, no uninterrupted, adverse use of the easement, for ten years, with the knowledge of -the owners of the land to which the easement was to attach to make it conclusive against the servient estate, no easement being shown in favor of plaintiff or his estate,, no damage could result to him by the obstruction of the ditch on defendant’s land; hence nothing for the consideration of the jury.
Appellant also complains that the trial court committed. error in giving instruction number 4 asked by plaintiff, which was as follows:
‘ ‘4. The court instructs the jury that, while surface water, that is, water caused from rain and melting*15 snow, is a public enemy wbicb any proprietor of land has the right to fight against, yet, where such surface • water has a natural tendency by reason of the conformation of the surface of the ground to flow across the lands of one proprietor, such person has no right to so obstruct its natural flow as to injure an adjoining proprietor.”
As this case is to be reversed and remanded for the reason above given, we deem it unnecessary to discuss the merits or demerits of instruction number 4, further than to say that no such issue is raised by the pleadings and evidence, and none should be presented by the instruction. Judgment reversed and cause remanded.