207 Wis. 445 | Wis. | 1932
Lead Opinion
The following opinions were filed February 9, 1932 :
.Plaintiff, as administratrix of the estate of Constantine Drewek, had recovered judgment against Max Kopczynski for his negligent operation of a truck in such manner as to cause .the death of Constantine Drewek, who was riding in the truck. The truck belonged to Kopczynski’s employer, Jahnke Bros., grocers, to whom defendant had issued a policy of automobile liability insurance covering that truck, as hereinafter stated. At the time of the casualty Kopczynski was using the truck after his regular working hours to haul furniture, at the request of his friend Drewek, for a friend of the latter; and after performing that service the friend gave Kopczynski a dollar. Kopczynski had obtained permission from his employer to use the truck on that occasion by falsely stating that he desired to use the truck to haul a phonograph for himself in exchange for a radio;
As regards the persons indemnified, the insurance, by virtue of sec. 204.30 (3), Stats., as well as a provision embodied in the policy itself, extended to the named assured, i.e. Jahnke Bros., and also “to any person while riding in or operating any automobile described in this policy when such automobile is being used for purposes and in the manner described in said policy and with the permission of the named assured.” “Permission,” as used in that provision, may have been intended to mean the consent, obtained in the first instance from the assured, to the possession of the truck by the operator thereof, regardless of the use to which he puts it while it continues in his possession by virtue of that initial consent; or it may have been intended to mean consent to use the truck only for some specified purpose. If the latter meaning was intended, then, as -was said in Dickinson v. Maryland Casualty Co. 101 Conn. 369, 125 Atl. 866, “it would in each case be necessary to make inquiry into the purpose and extent of the permission. ... In place of a certain provision in the policy of definite meaning it would have inserted a provision breeding uncertainty, inviting litigation, and making the defense of a departure from the permission an available and often-used defense. This is exactly what the courts and legislature have frowned upon — uncertain and
What then was the extent of the coverage, in that respect, of the assured under the policy in question ? In the “Schedule of Statements,” embodied in the policy, the assured represented in Statement II that their occupation “is grocers;” and in Statement VI that “The above described automobile is used only for commercial purposes iñ business of assured.” It may be true that in so far as those representations were merely in the nature of warranties, the mere casual or inci
“The company shall not be liable under sec. II hereof . . . for any loss, damage, or expense while any automobile insured herein is used, operated, manipulated, or maintained . . . (e) for any purpose not specified in Statement VI of the Schedule of Statements.”
The plain and unambiguous language of that limitation on the extent of the coverage renders the policy inapplicable to liability incurred by an insured while the automobile is being used for any purpose not specified in Statement VI of the Schedule of Statements. In the event of liability because of a casualty occurring during the time of such unspecified use, there exists no obligation under the policy to indemnify any user of the automobile whatsoever. The following statement in Johnston v. New Amsterdam Casualty Co. 200 N. C. 763, 158 S. E. 473, 475, is in point:
“We recognize the established principles that a policy of insurance, if the language is ambiguous or susceptible of more than one interpretation, should be given a construction favorable to the assured, and that, if the insurer’s liability is limited by unambiguous language, the policy, as a rule, should not be construed to enlarge the liability beyond the plain meaning of its terms. ... In the case before us the ‘omnibus coverage’ clause extending the insurance to persons other than the named assured is limited by the provision that the policy shall not cover any automobile while being used in any business, trade, or occupation except the occupation or business of dealing in teas, coffees, and sugars.*451 The phrase ‘while being used’ has reference to the time of the casualty; and obviously at that time the car was not being used in the employer’s business.”
To the same effect see Williams v. American Auto. Ins. Co. (C. C. A.) 44 Fed. (2d) 704, 705; Marks v. Home Fire & M. I. Co. 285 Fed. 959.
In the case at bar, while the truck was being used by Kop-czynski, after the termination of his day’s work for his employers, Jahnke Bros., to haul furniture, without the knowledge of his employers, for a friend of his friend, both of whom were also unknown to his employers, it clearly was not being used or operated for commercial purposes only in the business of the assured. Instead, Kopczynski was using the truck in furtherance of his own private, personal purposes as an accommodation to his friend. That purpose was wholly foreign to the commercial purposes in the business of the assured. Consequently, while the truck was thus being used by Kopczynski for a purpose which was not specified in Statement VI of the Schedule of Statements in the policy, the limitation in the policy, that in such event the company shall not be liable,- was applicable. As the injury for which plaintiff seeks to recover damages occurred while the truck was being used for an unspecified purpose, and the policy expressly exempted from its coverage liability for injuries sustained during such a time, it follows that defendant is not liable in this action.
By the Court. — Judgment reversed, and cause remanded with directions to enter judgment dismissing the complaint.
Dissenting Opinion
(dissenting). I cannot concur in the construction placed upon the language of the policy in this case. It seems to me too narrow and strict. As I understand the decision, it is now held that a slight departure- from the terms of the policy, such for instance as the taking of an express' package two blocks for a friend, leaves -the policyholder without protection. In my opinion, a slight departure
I am authorized to say that Mr. Justice Wickhem concurs in this dissent.
A motion for a rehearing was denied, with $25 costs, on April 5, 1932.