This is a suit brought under the wrongful death statute of Alaska. Defendant has filed a motion to strike Paragraphs VI, VII and VIII of the plaintiff’s amended complaint upon the ground that the same are redundant, immaterial and not alleging any elements of damage recoverable in this actiоn. The three paragraphs mentioned are as follows:
“VI
“That prior to his death, the said Herbert Dralle was bound to and did hire a physician to treat his injuries, and in that behalf expended the sum of $300.00, and that by reason of the said injuries the said Herbert Dralle incurred hospital and medical expenses in the sum of $244.00.
“VII
“That by reason of the death of the said Herbert Dralle, the plaintiff has expended the sum of $1544.30 for funeral and burial expenses.
“VIII
“That the plaintiff herein at the time of the death of said Herbert Dralle, and for many years prior thereto, was rеsiding with him as his wife; that the said Herbert Dralle was a good and loving husband, who was fond of his home and provided*683 for the plaintiff and his minor child; and plaintiff by reason of the wrong of the said Philip Carter, the employee, agent, and servant of the defendant, which resulted in the death of the sаid Herbert Dralle, has been deprived of the comfort and society of her husband, and his protection and support, and the support of their minor child, and has been thereby damaged in the sum of $15,000.00.”
The statutory basis of the action originated as a part of the Act of June 6, 1900, 31 Stat. 392, now appearing as Sec. 61-7-3, Alaska Compiled Laws Annotated 1949. As amended by Chapter 89 of the Session Laws of Alaska 1949, it provides:
“When the death of a person is caused by the wrongful act or omission of another, the personal representatives of the former may maintain an action therefore against the latter, if the former might have maintained an action, had he lived, against the latter for an injury done by the same act or omission. Such action shall be commenced within two years after the death, and the damagеs therein shall not exceed fifteen thousand dollars, and the amount recovered, if any, shall be exclusively for the benefit of the decedent’s husband or wife and children when he or she leaves a husband, wife, or children, him or her surviving; and when any sum is collected it must be distributed by the plаintiff as if it were unbequeathed assets left in his hands, after payment of all debts and expenses of administration * • * *
A large part of the procedural code in Alaska embraced in the Act of June 6, 1900, was adopted, in most cases verbatim, from the laws of Oregon as they existed at that time. The early Oregon statute on the subject appears in Hill’s Annotated Laws of Oregon, Sec. 371, and provides that the damages recovered “shall be admin
Accordingly, it is too plain for аrgument that Congress in passing the Act of June 6, 1900, did not adopt the Oregon statute on this subject but instead reverted more nearly to the text of the original Lord Campbell’s Act, still retaining, however, that part of the Oregon statute which provides for a recovery by the estate in the еvent the decedent left no husband, 'wife or children. It may be deserving of note here that the original Oregon law was revised in 1939 and now appears in 1 Oregon Compiled Laws, Sec. 8-903, as follows:
“When the death of a person is caused by the wrongful act or omission of another, the personal representatives of the former for the benefit of the widow or widower and dependants and in case there is m> widow or widower, or surviving dependents, then for the benefit of the estate of the deceased may maintain an action at law therefor against the latter, if the former might have maintained an action, had he lived, against the latter, for an injury done by the same act or omission. Such action shall be commenced within two years after the death, and damages therein shall not exceed $10,000-.”
Defendant relies on the case of Scott v. Brogan, 1937,
“After a careful and attentive examination and review of the authorities, we are of the opinion*685 that the proper measure of damages, under our statute, is the pecuniary loss suffered by the estate, without any solatium for the grief and anguish of surviving relatives or pain and suffering of the deceased; and that loss is what the deceased would have probably earned by his intellectual or bodily labor in his business or profession during the residue of his life, and which, as representing his net savings, would have gone for the benefit of his estate, taking into consideration his age, ability, and disposition to labor, and his habits of living and expenditure.”
It is therefore obvious that any decision based upon the Oregon law, as it existed on June 6, 1900, can be of little use in construing the Alaska Act in any case where there is a surviving husband, wife or children, and is likely to be completely misleading. In any case where there is no surviving husband, wife ór children, then the Alaska statute may be and has been construed to the same effect as the Oregon law. Jennings v. Alaska Treadwell Gold Mining Co., 9 Cir., 1909,
“Under Lord Campbell’s act, and similar statutes, the damages recovered belong to the designated beneficiary, and are measured by the value*686 of the life taken to the particular person entitled to thе benefit of the statute, while under our statute they belong to the estate, and are co-extensive with the value of the life lost, without regard to- its value to any particular person. In the one -case the obj ect of the action is to recover the pecuniary loss sustained by the designated relatives, and in the other the value of the life lost, measured, as near as can be, by the earning capacity, thriftiness, and probable length of life of the deceased, and the consequent amount of probable accumulаtions during the expectancy of such life.”
For authority that is at all persuasive in this case, recourse must be had not to the opinions of the Supreme Court of Oregon, but to an expression of the views of the highest court of some state which has a statute substantially similar tо that of Alaska. Accordingly, we may turn to the decisions of the New York Court of Appeals construing such a law of the State of New York. The rule laid down by that court is shown in the following quotations taken from the cases of (1) Hamilton v. Erie R. Co., 1916,
(1) “At the outset it should be comprehendеd that under our statute the cause of action is created by the statute and is original and not derivative. It is not a part of and has no relation with the estate of the decedent. The damages are allowed, not for an injury to his estate, but for an injury, through the loss of him, to the estate of the beneficiaries. The executor or administrator of the decedent is a mere nominal party, without any interest in the damages, holding them, when recovered, in the capacity of a trustee or agent for the beneficiaries.”
*687 (2) “The amount of damages in this class of cases depends upon the value of the reasonable expectation of pecuniary benefits from the continuance in life by the decedent to the husband or wife and next of kin. This is a right of property which , becomes vested in the benеficiaries at the moment of death, and can be converted into money through a statutory action brought for their benefit by the personal representatives, who are simply trustees for the purpose.”
See also Greco v. S. S. Kresge Co., 1938,
It is clear that under a statute such as ours, where widow and children survive, although the suit must be brought by the executor or administrator, such personal representative is, as said in the Perham case, supra,
Now we come to the question as to the elements which may be included as loss to the beneficiaries, that is to say, in this case the wife and children, within the meaning of the statute. Courts have usually held that only рecuniary losses may be recovered even though, as in Alaska, the statute contains no such precise limitations. 16 Am.Jur. 118;
In Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Company v. Kelly, 1916,
In the cаse before us recovery must be limited to pecuniary damages suffered by the wife and children, and no allowance can be made for mental anguish or loss of the love of the husband and father.
By his challenge fi> the above-quoted Paragraphs VI and VII of plaintiff’s amended comрlaint, the defendant raises the question as to whether the medical expenses incurred by the decedent resulting from his injuries, and the funeral expenses of the decedent paid by the plaintiff, are recoverable as items of damages under the Act.. It appeаrs that in
In the instant case, as above indicated, the plaintiff alleges that she paid the decedent’s funeral expenses in the sum of $1544.30. It is hard to understand any theory upon which this should not be considered a loss or damage to her as wife of decedent arising out of the death of her husband. Except for that death she would have been under no obligation to incur the expense. As regards the expenses of the decedent’s last illness arising from the injuries inflicted upon him by the defendant and of which he thereafter died, it may be reasonably suggested that the payment thereof would be a burden upon the estate and not upon the widow or children on whose behalf the administratrix acts. Unless facts can be shown indicating that the widow and children have actually been damaged by the incurring of the expenses of the last illness no testimony on
Defendant’s motion to strike Paragraphs VI, VII and VIII is denied.
Defendant’s motion to dismiss the action .because the complaint fails to state a claim against the defendant upon which relief can be granted is also denied.