Jаnice Sharon Drake, as the Administra-trix of the estate of Nannie Hager, appellant/plaintiff below, (hereinafter “Ms. Drake”) appeals from an order of the Circuit Court of Mingo County granting summary judgment in favor of Richard Snider 1 and State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company (hereinafter “State Farm”), appel-lees/defendants below. Ms. Drake makes two assignments of error: (1) discovery was needed prior to deciding State Farm’s summary judgment motion, and (2) the circuit court misunderstood the law applicable to a bad faith claim under W. Va.Code § 33-11-4(9). After a careful review of the briefs and record, the circuit court’s order granting summary judgment is reversed.
I.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
Nannie Hager died as the result of injuries received in a car accident in Boone County, West Virginia; on October 30, 2000. At the time of the accident, Ms. Hager was riding as a passenger in a car that was driven by Claude Halstead. The accident was attributed to the driver of another car, Laura Lee Muncy. When the accident occurred, Ms. Muncy was fifteen years old. 2 The ear being driven by Ms. Muncy was owned by her stepfather, William White. Mr. White was insured by State Farm.
Subsequent to Ms. Hager’s death, Ms. Drake filed a wrongful death claim in 2001 against Ms. Muncy and others. During the pendency of the action, Ms. Drake learned that Ms. Muncy’s biological father, Willard Muncy (hereinafter “Mr. Muncy”), also had two vehicles insured with State Farm. 3 Consequently, on February 27, 2002, Ms. Drake filed a separate action which is the focus of this appeal against State Farm. This new action alleged that Ms. Drake was entitled to liability coverage under Mr. Muncy’s policies. 4 The new action also asserted that State Farm acted in bad faith by failing to disclose Mr. Muncy’s policies.
In October of 2002, Ms. Muncy settled the wrongful death claim with Ms. Drake. In that settlement agreement, Ms. Muncy agreed to a stipulated judgment against her in the amount of $800,000. Ms. Muncy further agreed to аssign any rights she had against State Fax-m to Ms. Drake, so long as Ms. Drake did not execute the stipulated judgment against her. In July of 2003, the circuit court entered an order approving the wrongful death settlement and dismissed the action.
On October 11, 2002, and prior to the dismissal of the wrongful death action, State Fai-m filed a motion for summary judgment in the separate action against State Farm. In its motion, State Fai’m assei’ted that Ms. Muncy did not qualify as an insured under Mr. Muncy’s policies. Alteimativеly, should Ms. Muncy qualify as an insured, there was still no coverage because the car she was driving did not qualify for coverage under *577 the policies. Ms. Drake filed a response to the motion for summary judgment wherein she argued that she needed time to conduct discovery. Pursuant to Rule 56(f) of the West Virginia Rules of Civil Procedure, Ms. Drake attached an affidavit to her response. After a hearing on the motion, the circuit court entered an order on March 14, 2003, granting summary judgment to State Farm. From this ruling, Ms. Drake now appeals.
II.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
This matter involves an order awarding summary judgment to State Farm. The standard for review in this context is well established. “A circuit court’s entry of summary judgment is reviewed de novo.” Syl. pt. 1,
Painter v. Peavy,
III.
DISCUSSION
A. Discovery Was Necessary Prior to Deciding State Farm’s Summary Judgment Motion
The first issue raised by Ms. Drake is that the circuit court erred by granting summary judgment basеd upon her Rule 56(f) affidavit wherein she indicated the need for discovery in order to resist the summary judgment motion.
5
In Syllabus point 3 of
Williams v. Precision Coil, Inc.,
If the moving party makes a properly supported motion for summary judgment and can show by affirmative evidence that there is no genuine issue of a material fact, the burden of production shifts to the non-moving party who must either (1) rehabilitate the evidence attacked by the moving party, (2) produce additional evidence showing the existence of a genuine issue for trial, or (3) submit an affidavit explaining why further discovery is necessary as provided in Rule 56(f) of the West Virginia Rules of Civil Procedure.
See
Syl. pt. 3, in part,
Crain v. Lightner,
Here, the issue of discovery is slightly complicated. The underlying wrongful death case was pending when the bad faith case was filed. It appears from the record that discovery was indeed conducted in the wrongful death action. Further, it appears *578 that a scheduling conference was held in the bad faith case, and dates were set for discovery and other matters. However, for reasons unclear from the record, the circuit court never actually entered a scheduling order in the bad faith ease. 6
Notwithstanding the fact that a scheduling order was not entered, State Farm contends that the parties were on noticе of the discovery cutoff dates as they were mentioned during the scheduling conference. In contrast, Ms. Drake contends that no discovery was conducted in the bad faith case because the wrongful death action was being litigated first. Additionally, Ms. Drake contends that about the time a settlement was reached in the wrongful death action, she attempted to engage in discovery by deposing defendant Richard Snider. However, State Farm failed to mаke Mr. Snider available.
Because no discovery actually took place in the bad faith ease, the factual evidence relied upon by the circuit court to grant summary judgment was taken from evidence produced during the wrongful death action. Although it was perfectly appropriate for the circuit court to consider such evidence, we are disturbed by the fact that the circuit court failed to grant Ms. Drake’s Rule 56(f) motion to speсifically conduct discovery in the bad faith case. Of course, we are also mindful that, during a scheduling conference, dates were set out for discovery. However, absent entry of a scheduling order, the discovery requirements were never formalized. Indeed, we have cautioned that “[ujnder Rule 16(b), it is mandatory that trial courts enter a scheduling order that limits the time to join parties, amend pleadings, file and hear motions, and complete discovery.”
7
State ex rel. Pritt v. Vickers,
Although we have determined that this case must be reversed to permit Ms. Drake to engage in discovery, we must nevertheless address the merits of the trial court’s decision to grant summary judgment based upon the evidence that was produced in the underlying wrongful death case.
B. Ms. Muncy’s Residence
The circuit court ruled that the evidence clearly demonstrated that Ms. Muncy was not an insured under Mr. Muncy’s policies because she did not reside at his home. The relevant language in,Mr. Muncy’s policies defined an “insured” to include a “relative.” A “relative” is defined as “a person related to you or your spouse by blood, marriage or adoption who resides primarily with you. It includes your unmarried and unemanеipated child away at school.” Based upon this provision, the circuit court determined that Ms. Muncy was not an insured under the policies because she was living in her mother’s home at the time of the accident. Ms. Drake argued that this issue was in dispute and that she needed to take the depositions of Ms. Muncy’s father, mother and step-father.
See
Syl. pt. 5,
Farmers Mut. Ins. Co. v. Tucker,
The record does not indicate that the circuit court specifically examined the term “school” as it was used in the subject рolicies, however, we are obligated to do so. This Court has held that “[t]he interpretation of an insurance contract, including the question of whether the contract is ambiguous, is a legal determination that, like a lower court’s grant of summary judgement, shall be reviewed de novo on appeal.” Syl. pt. 2,
Riffe v. Home Finders
Assocs.,
Inc.,
Simply put, the term “school” was not defined by the policies. Such omission is fatal under the facts of this case because the term “school” has various meanings. For example, the term “school” is defined in the dictiоnary, in part, as follows: “a place or institution for teaching and learning; establishment for education; specific, (a) an institution for teaching children, (b) a place for training and instruction in some special field, skill, etc. [a dancing school], (c) a college or university])]” Webster’s New World Dictionary of American English, at 1201 (3rd ed.1988). Under Webster’s definition, the term “school” encompasses an elementary school, junior high school, high school, trade schoоl, college and university. The policies at issue in the instant ease do not impose any limitation on the term “school.” Therefore, we must construe the policies to encompass all of its possible meanings.
The facts in the case clearly reveal that Ms. Muncy’s parents were divorced when she was two years old. Custody of Ms. Muncy was initially granted to her mother. However, when Ms. Muncy turned twelve, Mr. Muncy petitioned for her custody, which was granted. When Ms. Muncy turnеd fifteen years of age, she wanted to change high schools. Consequently, Mr. Muncy permitted her to live with her mother for the purpose of attending a different high school. Legal custody of Ms. Muncy remained with her father. Ms. Muncy had been living in her mother’s home for only a few months prior to the accident in this case. These facts establish that Ms. Muncy was (1) an unemancipated child, (2) whose legal custody was with her father and (3) that she left her father’s home for the purpose of attending a different high school. 9
Under the language of Mr. Muncy’s policies, coverage is provided for a relative who is an “unmarried and unemancipated child away at school.” It is clear to this Court that Ms. Muncy met this definition of a relative because the term “school” was neither defined nor limited. Therefore, the mere fact that Ms. Muncy left her father’s home to attend a high school near her mother’s home, and to live with her mother while attеnding that school, did not alter the fact that she was an “unemancipated child away at school.” Consequently, the trial court was clearly wrong in finding that Ms. Muncy was not an insured under this provision of her father’s policies.
C. Definition of Non-Owned Car
The circuit court found, as an alternative basis for granting summary judgment, that the car Ms. Muncy was driving did not qualify as a “non-owned car” under Mr. Muncy’s policies. Under Mr. Muncy’s policies, coverage was provided for a non-owned car if *580 it met the policy definition of a non-owned ear. The policies defined a “non-owned car” as follows:
Non-Owned Car — means a car not owned, registered or leased by:
1. you, your spouse;
2. any relative unless at the time of the accident or loss:
a. the car currently is or has within the last 30 days been insured for liability coverage; and
b. the driver is an insured who does not own or lease the car;
3. any other person residing in the same household as you, your spouse or any relative; or
4. an employer of you, your spouse or any relative.
The purpose of a non-owned car provision “is to provide protection to the insured for the occasional or infrequent use of [a] vehicle not owned by him or her and is not intended as a substitute for insurance on vehicles furnished for the insured’s regular use.”
New York Cent. Mut. Fire Ins. Co. v. Jennings,
The ambiguity we find in the definition of “non-owned car” is the term “household.” A ease that illustrates this point is
State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co. v. McGee,
The trial court in
McGee
found “that the term ‘same household’ with no further definition in the policy is ambiguous and subject to two interpretations.”
McGee,
State Farm argues that when [Jacob] is driving [his stepfather’s] truck, a vehicle obviously not listed on Harlon’s policy ..., he is not insured because [the stepfather’s] truck is not a “not-owned” vehicle. In other words, [the stepfather’s] truck is a vehicle owned by a member of Harlon’s household which is not listed on Harlon’s policy and, therefore, not covered.
State Farm’s argument is disingenuous at best. To find that [the] truck is a “non-owned” vehicle, the Court would have to hold that Harlon’s household is expanded to include anyone with whom Harlon’s spouse or relatives might periodically reside.
Common sense dictates that the insured’s “household” includes the insured, the insured’s spouse, if the spouse is living with or dependent upon the insured, and the insured’s relatives, if they are living with or dependent upon the insured. [Jacob] is an insured under the policy because he is Harlon’s son and because he lives under the same roof as Harlon. A person who does not live with or is not dependent upon Harlon does not become a member of Harlon’s household merely because Har-lon’s son might temporarily reside with him and drive his vehiclе.
Under Mississippi law, an unemanci-pated minor is a member of two households when his parents are living separately. However, just because the minor is a member of two households does not mean that the other members of those two households are members of both or that the two households become one.
McGee,
Although Justice Waller did not conceptualize the meaning of household in terms of residence and domicile, this was, in fact, the essence of his analysis. In the case
sub judice,
whose facts are identical to those of the McGee case, the question of whether Ms. Muncy was a member of her father’s household boils down to a determination of her domicile. This Court stated, in
Lotz v. Atamaniuk,
*582
Based upon the foregoing, we find that the word “household” in Mr. Muncy’s policies is ambiguous because it could refer to either residence or domicile. This Court has made clear that “[w]hen the words of an insurance policy are, without violence, susceptible of two or more interpretations, that which will sustain the claim and cover the loss must be adopted.” Syl. pt. 2,
Farmers Mut. Ins. Co. v. Tucker,
IV.
CONCLUSION
In view of the foregoing, the circuit court’s order granting summary judgment to State Farm is reversed, and this case is remanded for further disposition consistent with this opinion.
Reversed and Remanded.
Notes
. Mr. Snider is a claim representative for State Farm.
. Ms. Muncy’s mother was in the car as a passenger when the accident occurred.
. After Ms. Drake learned of Mr. Muncy's policies, State Farm advised Ms. Muncy that there may not be coverage for her under Mr. Muncy’s policies. As a result of this conflict, State Farm terminated its represеntation of Ms. Muncy in the wrongful death claim.
.Each of Mr. Muncy’s policies provided per person/per occurrence liability limits of $50,000/ $100,000.
. Rule 56(f) provides as follows:
Should it appear from the affidavits of a party opposing the motion [for summary judgment] that the party cannot for reasons stated present by affidavit facts essential to justify the party's opposition, the court may refuse the application for judgment or may order a continuance to permit affidavits tо be obtained or depositions to be taken or discovery to be had or may make such other order as is just.
. Ms. Drake did not make a specific assignment of error of the fact that no scheduling order was entered as required by Rule 16(b) of the West Virginia Rules of Civil Procedure.
. Rule 16(b) requires the entry of a scheduling order. Specifically the rule states in relevant part:
(b) ... [T]he judge shall, after consulting with the attorneys for the parties and any unrepresented pаrties, by a scheduling conference, telephone, mail or other suitable means, enter a scheduling order that limits the time:
(1) To join other parties and to amend the pleadings;
(2) To file and hear motions; and
(3) To complete discovery.
.We reject State Farms contention that the Rule 56(f) affidavit was conclusory and failed to meet the requisite specificity required by the rule. Insofar as no discovery was actually conducted in this case, the affidavit submitted by Ms. Drake was sufficient.
. During oral argument, the Court was informed that Ms. Muncy had returned to her father's home.
. The majority opinion in McGee was terse and did nоt include relevant factual information. However, the concurring and dissenting opinions did set out all the relevant facts and will therefore be relied upon when quotations are used.
. The relevant part of the policy at issue in the McGee case stated:
Non-Owned Car — means a car not owned, registered or leased by:
1. You, your spouse;
2. Any relative ...;
3. Any other person residing in the same household as you, your spouse or any relative; or
4. An employer of you, your spouse or any relative.
McGee,
. This Court also recently commented on this precise issue in
Farmers Mutual Insurance Co. v. Tucker,
Similarly, courts analyzing the word "household” in insurance poliсies have usually concluded that the question of whether a household exists is one of fact, not law. One court found the term "household” to be "a chameleon like word,” Cobb v. State Security Ins. Co., 576 S.W.2d 726, 738 (Mo.1979), while another found that the "terms have no absolute meaning. Their meaning may vary according to the circumstances.” Cal-Farm Ins. Co. v. Boisseranc,151 Cal.App.2d 775 , 781,312 P.2d 401 , 404 (Cal.App.1957). A New Jersey court stated:
Household is not a word of art. Its meaning is not confined within certain commonly known and universally accepted limits. True, it is frequently used to designate persons relatеd by marriage or blood, who dwell together as a family under a single roof.... But it has been said also that members of a family need not in all cases reside under a common roof in order to be deemed a part of the household.
Mazzilli v. Acc. & Cas. Ins. Co. of Winterthur, Switzerland,
Tucker,
. We need not address Ms. Drake’s last assignment of error because we have found that coverage is available under Mr. Muncy’s policies.