24 S.D. 19 | S.D. | 1909
This action comes before the court upon an appeal from the judgment of the lower court in favor of the -plaintiffs, and from the order of said court refusing a new trial herein. Preliminary to the consideration of the appeal proper it 'is necessary to consider and dispose of a motion made by the appellant asking this court to strike from the record on appeal the additional abstract filed by respondents. This additional abstract sets out the fact that this case had been tried previous to the trial, from which the appeal was taken, which said former trial was had upon the original pleadings, it appearing that the trial from which this appeal originated was had on an amended complaint and answer, and the additional abstract sets forth the original pleadings, the same being omitted from the appellant’s, abstract. Appellant contends that, the original pleadings having been succeeded by the amended pleadings, such original pleadings liave
Jt appears from the record that this action was tried first in November, 1903, on pleadings wherein the answer contained solely a plea in bar with no suggestion of any matter in abatement, and the complaint in no manner suggested any facts which might abate plaintiff's action. A new trial was granted by the court, and in March, 1904, the parties stipulated that plaintiffs might have until May 10, 1904, in .which to serve an amended complaint, and defendant might have 60 days after service of such amended complaint in which to answer thereto. In accordance with such stipulation, plaintiffs served an amended complaint, but one in no manner changing the nature of the cause of action, and thereafter the defendant served its amended answer, which amended answer consisted of two parts — first, allegations in bar of plaintiffs’ cause of action; and, second, allegations by way of plea in abatement. The allegations in bar in said amended answer were in substance exactly the same as the original answer, and the plea in abatement to the effect that the plaintiff partnership had never complied with section 1762 of the Civil Code of this state, requiring partnerships having fictitious names to file certificates, stating the names of parties and their places of residence,, with clerk of court of the county where said partneship has its main place of business,- and further requiring the publication of said certificate. While the respondents raise some ' question as to the sufficiency of the allegations in abatement, we are inclined to think that the plea was sufficient in form. It appears that defendant procured an order requiring the plaintiffs to reply to such pl'ea, and plaintiffs did reply in September, 1904, setting forth facts showing that in August, 1904, plaintiffs fully complied with said section 1762, supra. There is nothing to show that defendant
. Upon the trial of the cause it fully appeared that the name of plaintiff copartnership did not reveal the names of the copartners, and it was therefore such a partnership as was contemplated by said section 1762, supra; and it also fully appeared that at the time this action was commenced, and until August, 1.904, the plaintiff partnership had not complied with said section, and on this record the appellant, after both sides had rested, moved the court to direct a verdict for the defendant, stating the following grounds: “First, that the undisputed testimony shows that the plaintiffs were a copartnership doing business under a fictitious name, and not showing the names of all the partners, and that they had not, prior to the commencement of this action, complied with sections 1762 and 1764 of the Civil Code of South Dakota.” This motion was overruled, and an exception taken thereto, and such ruling assigned .as error upon motion for new trial and upon this appeal. This court is therefore presented for the first time with the question of whether or not a person can by an amended answer without leave of court interpose a plea in abatement where no such plea was contained in the original answer, and where a trial had been had prior to the serving of such amended answer It is a well-established proposition that this question of filing certificate and publishing the same must be raised by answer, and is in every sense a plea in abatement. Nerger v. Fire Association, 20 S. D. 419, 107 N. W. 531. And it also seems to be well established that the omission to file and publish such certificate cannot be cured after action brought, where the effect of such omission had been properly raised by plea in abatement. Byers v. Bourret, 64 Cal. 73, 28 Pac. 61; Choctaw Lumber Co. v. Gilmore 11 Okl. 462, 68 Pac. 733; Wright v. Jett, 120 Ga. 995, 48 S. E. 345. It was a well-established rule under the common-law pleading that a plea in bar was a waiver of any right to plead in abatement, and while under dhe Code practice in most states,, where a defendant is' allowed to include in his answer all defenses
In Montague v. Brown, 104 N. C. 161, 10 S. E. 186, the plaintiff had brought action in a justice court against the defendant, and, under the statutes of that state, the plaintiff was required to prove his cause of action whether any answer was interposed or not. Defendant failed to interpose any answer and, there being judgment against defendant, appeal was had to the superior court, in which court the defendant moved to dismiss for want of jurisdiction, but did not interpose a plea in abatement. The motion to
Coming now to the merits of this case, we find it to be one wherein the plaintiffs shipped certain horses from Minnesota Transfer, in the state of Minnesota to Neche, N. D., which horses were unloaded en route at Grand Forks. Plaintiffs claim certain damages owing to alleged delay in the running of the train between Minnesota Transfer and Grand Forks and keeping the horses on the cars without feed and water during said time;
No exception was taken to the instructions given by the court, but the defendant requested the court to give 'five other instructions, all of whicji were refused, and the defendant assigns as an error each .of such refusals, but in its brief it only urges one refusal, being the refusal of the court to give an instruction involving the question of the contributory negligence of the plaintiffs. Inasmuch as there had been no issue raised in the pleadings as to contributory negligence, it may be questionable whether under the circumstances defendant was entitled to such an instruction. It is admitted by defendant that the court at one point
The only other assignment is that wherein the defendant specifies the particular wherein it claims the evidence insufficient to justify the verdict. There being no question saved as to the admission of any of the testimony, and there being no exception to the instructions of the court, and the law announced in such instructions being the law of the case regardless of whether the court properly construed the contract' existing between the parties hereto, the only matter for consideration is the question of whether or not the- evidence in this case, under the law as laid down by' the court, sustained the verdict. Appellant’s specifications of the insufficiency of the evidence to justify the verdict are as follows: “(i) There is no evidence in the record which discloses, or tends to disclose, any failure of duty on the part of the defendant that it owed the plaintiff in the shipment of these horses under the contract entered into between plaintiff and defendant relative to said shipment. (2) It does not appear in evidence that the defendant did not fulfill its part of the contract of shipment between the plaintiff and the defendant. (3) No evidence was offered which shows, or tends to show, that the defendant was guilty of any specific acts of negligence relative to the shipment of horses. (4) There is no evidence in the record of gross negligence on the part of the defendant relative to the shipment of these -horses. (5) That the evidence discloses that the plaintiff himself did not perform his part of the agreement relative to the shipment of horses under the contract in- evidence. (6) That the evidence discloses that the plaintiff was himself guilty of negligence which contributed to the injury to the horses and for each specific item of negli
The reading of the first four specifications shows that they are insufficient, providing there is any evidence whatsoever showing actionable negligence on the part of the defendant. Referring to simply one branch of this case, we would state that there was evidence, which, if believed by the jury, would show that the time of shipment of this stock was-in the month of March-; that on its arrival at Grand Forks -the stock was in a bad condition physically, owing to length of time they had been without food and water; that while at Grand Forks there was a bad blizzard of some- two days’ duration, during the greater part of which time this stock was roaming over the prairies without food or shelter, resulting in the stock being in an extremely weakened condition; that the stock was recovered and placed by -the defendant company in án open yard; that the train going to Neche was to leave at 5 o’clock a. m., but, owing to the stormy weather, was usually late in leaving; that the railroad company, without any notice to the plaintiff, loaded this stock while in its weakened condition into an open stock car at about 7 o’clock in the evening before the morning on which it intended to ship same, and allowed said car of stock to stand in an exposed place during a cold wintry night and until 10 o’clock the next morning, resulting in considerable loss in value to said stock; that at the same time in the case of another bunch of horses belonging to another party, shipped also from Minnesota Transfer to Grand Forks, and which was shipped ouf from Grand Forks on the same train, the defendant company, in
The fifth assignment referred to a matter, which, if true, is absolutely immaterial. It must be readify seen that the omission of plaintiffs to perform their duties under such contract, if there was any such omission, would in no manner affect defendant’s liability, unless such omission was one of the causes of the damage, and there is no allegation in such specification to that effect.
The sixth specification goes further, stating- that plaintiffs, through their agent, were guilty of negligence, which negligence contributed to the injury complained of, but it will be noticed that this specification does not in any manner point out any act or acts of negligence on the part of plaintiffs’ agent, and that therefore, such specification is wholly insufficient under the well-established rule requiring the specifications to point out the particular matter complained of, and it must therefore be presumed that ’the trial court on the motion for new trial disregarded such specification.
As regards the seventh specification, we would say that the evidence showed that these horses were on the cars some 38 hours from the time they left Minnesota Transfer until they were placed where they could be unloaded at Grand Forks; that there was considerable delay at the stations en route; that the train upon which they were shipped was what is known as a way freight, while plaintiffs’ evidence was to the effect that the stock was to have been- shipped on a through train. The evidence would
As regards the eighth assignment, the evidence shows that defendant’s stockyards at Grand Forks were in a very bad and unsafe condition, and there was evidence tending to show that the plaintiffs complained of such condition, and that plaintiffs fixed the yard in as good condition as possible with the material at hand; that the stock broke out of such yard and were running loose during the blizzard, above referred to, receiving serious damages therefrom. It is true there is evidence tending to show that defendant was ready to provide a safe inclosure át a livery barn in said city, but there is dispute in the evidence as to the conditions under which such yard would be provided. The court instructed that defendant might provide a yard other than the stockyard, if reasonably convenient. It was, however, the duty of the railroad company to provide such yard without any expense to the shipper; the shipper having the right himself to tend to the feeding and watering. Furthermore, there can be no doubt but that under the law, if defendant company desired to furnish a yard away from its tracks, it must assume the duty and liability of any loss or damage to the stock in the transfer of the same from place of unloading to such yards, and, such being the law, there was ample evidence to warrant the jury in finding the defendant liable for the damages caused by said horses wandering on the prairie during said blizzard.
What we have already said in relation to the first four assignments fully covers the ninth assignment, as the evidence referred
Both sides have cited many authorities showing the holdings of courts in relation to the duties of the contracting parties under shipping contracts similar to the one between the parties to this action, but, as we already said, it is not the law, which should have been given, that controls in this case, but the law as given, except in so far as there may have been matters not covered by the instructions. We do not wish by the above statement to be understood as inferring that there was any error in the instructions as given, because in our opinion the instructions are very full and complete. If the court erred on either side, it was in favor of the defense.
Finding no error in the records, the judgment of the trial court and the order denying a new trial are affirmed.