149 Iowa 623 | Iowa | 1910
The case was originally tried to a referee who made a report to the district court with his conclusions of fact and of law. Upon the coming in of the report each party filed objections thereto and motion to set aside and modify the same and the cause was submitted to the trial court upon these motions, resulting in the confirmation of the report and a decree for the plaintiff. From these rulings and from the decree, defendants appeal.
The only timely certificate made by the judge, if there be any at all, is found in the decree which was signed by the trial court from which we extract the following: “Pursuant to said stipulation and order duly entered of record at the May term, 1909, of the district court of Pocahontas County, Iowa, this cause was duly heard upon the report of F. C. Gilchrist, referee, and the exceptions and objections of both parties thereto. . . . And the cause was thereupon taken under advisement to be decided as aforesaid, . . . and the court having inspected and examined the proofs of service files and records herein, and the report of said referee, together with the objections and exceptions thereto, and having heard, read, and examined the evidence and testimony offered and received upon the part of both the plaintiff and defendants, and having considered the arguments, etc. . . .”
Appellee says that this is not a compliance with section 3652 of the Code, as recently amended (Acts 31st General Assembly, chapter 155), reading: “In equitable actions wherein issues of fact are joined, all the evidence offered in the trial shall be taken down in writing, or the court may order the evidence, or any part thereof, to be
In Smith v. Harlan, 49 Iowa, 101-102, it is said: “We are asked to review the findings of fact. To this the appellees object, upon the ground that they were not reviewable in the court below. .• . . Trials before a referee should have as much certainty in their methods are trials in court. As the findings of fact by the referee have the effect of a special verdict, there should be facilities for reviewing them equal to the facilities provided for reviewing a special verdict. The unsuccessful party, therefore, has a right to have all the evidence certified. If the referee omits to certify it, and the unsuccessful party desires a review upon the findings of fact, it appears to us that he is entitled upon a proper motion to have the report set aside and recommitted, with an order to report with the findings all the evidence duly certified.”
This certificate must be as particular and certain as that required of certificates to be made by the trial judge. We doubt if the referee made any such certificate. It does not appear that the referee certified to all the evidence offered. This is the requirement of the section as construed in Second Nat’l Bank v. Ash, 85 Iowa, 74; Baldwin v. Ryder, 85 Iowa, 251; Taylor v. Keir, 54 Iowa, 645; Polk v. Sturgeon, 71 Iowa, 395; Cheney v. McColloch, 104
And again, in Young v. Scoville, 99 Iowa, 177, we announced the same rule by saying: “When an equity case is sent to a referee there are, in' effect, two trials, one before the referee and the other before the district court; and an appeal, when taken, is not directly from the decision of the referee, but from the decision of the district court. In order to try the questions presented to it anew, we must have all the evidence offered or introduced. before the district court, properly certified by the judge who tried the case. The referee can not make this certificate, for he does not know what transpired before the judge who finally decides the controversy. His certificate relates only to that which was offered before him, and is for no other purpose than to identify the evidence upon which he acted. We have held that the referee is not the court (Hobart v. Hobart, 45 Iowa, 501; Belzor v. Logan, 32 Iowa, 322) ; that the power of the court in acting upon the report of a referee is not merely appellate (Edwards v. Cottrell, 43 Iowa, 194; Hodgin v. Toler, 70 Iowa, 21);
Treating the recital in the decree of the trial judge as a certificate, it will be observed that it does not meet the statute and decisions before referred to in many particulars. For example, it says that he “examined the files and records and the report of the referee, and read and examined the evidence and testimony offered and received upon the part of both plaintiff and defendants.” What this testimony is no one knows; at least this statement offers no light upon the question. Moreover, under our holdings, a certificate to the testimony offered and received or offered and introduced is not sufficient. .See cases hither.to cited. Moreover, there is no statement whatever as to what the testimony was which was offered and received upon the part of the parties. There is absolutely nothing in this certificate from which the testimony can be identified.
In Bauernfiend v. Jonas, 104 Iowa, 56, we said: “That, with other cases cited, fixes the rule that it is the office of the certificate of the judge to identify the evidence, and make it of record when filed, while it is the office of the certificate of the clerk to identify and authenticate the record. As we have said, the complaint here is that the evidence is not in the record, and, if not, it is not the province of the clerk to certify it to this court.
In Runge v. Hahn, 75 Iowa, 733, we said: “The statute (Code, section 2742, as amended by chapter 35, Acts 19th General Assembly) requires the trial judge in eqxiitable actions to certify all the evidence offered and introduced upon the trial. The object of this provision is to secure such identification of the trial that no question can fairly arise upon appeal as to what the evidence is. The certificate of the judge, when it properly identifies the evidence, has the effect to make it part of the record. It is not essential, as was contended by counsel'for appellee, that it contain an express declaration or order making the evidence part of the record; but that result follows when it identifies the different items of evidence offered and introduced on the trial, and is signed in due time. And it can not, in the matter of identification, be supplemented by the certificate of the clerk. The office of the certificate of the clerk required by section 3184, since the enactment of chapter 35, Acts 18th General Assembly, is to identify and authenticate the record. Before that enactment, depositions and other papers used merely as evidence were not deemed part of the record, and could be identified by the clerk’s certificate; but its effect clearly is to change that rule. Cross v. Burlington & S. W. Ry. Co., 58 Iowa, 63, arose before its enactment, and it is not now authority on the question. A recital in the certificate, that the cause was submitted upon packages of depositions filed upon dates, does not identify the evidence, and does not comply with the requirements of the statute. Bor sxich recital would apply to any depositions which may have been filed upon those dates, and leaves it to the clerk and the parties to determine what particular depositions were intended. But the confusion and uncertainty which was liable to arise under that practice is the very evil which the Legislature intended by the enactment to correct. The certificate
The certificate in that case said: “And now, on this day, to wit, . . . this cause came, on for hearing. . . . The cause is tried and submitted to the court on the following evidence, and none other, to wit: Plaintiff offers (1) package of depositions filed June 23, 1885; (2) package of depositions filed December 3, 1885; (3) package of depositions filed January 6, 1886. Plaintiff rests. Whereupon the defendant offered the following evidence, to wit: Package of deposition filed December 26, 1885. Defendant rests. I, W. B. Lewis, before whom the above-entitled cause was tried, do hereby certify that the above and foregoing schedule correctly specifies and refers to all the evidence offered and all the evidence received on the trial of the cause.” This certificate was made more specific than the one now before us, but was held insufficient. See, also, Burnett v. Loughridge, 87 Iowa, 324; Bunyan v. Loftus, 90 Iowa, 122; Teague v. Fortsch, 98 Iowa, 92.
The denial in the first amended abstract read: “The appellee denies that the abstract filed in this cause by the appellant is a full, complete, and correct abstract of the evidence taken in the court below, denies that said abstract shows all of the evidence, objections, and ruling thereon,
In the second amendment the averment is: “Appellee expressly denies that the testimony which was taken before the referee is ‘of record’ in this cause, in accordance with the provisions of the statutes of the state of Iowa. And appellee states and shows that the testimony and evidence which was taken, heard, and offered before the referee was in no manner certified by the referee, save as reference thereto was made in the report of the referee, set out in the abstract, pages 161-1Y3. That no certificate of any kind was made to the said evidence or any part thereof by the court or judge. Appellee expressly and specifically denies that there was a certificate of any kind made or signed by the court or by any judge thereof, within the time allowed for an appeal in said cause, or at any time, and no such certificate was ever made a part of the record or is any part of the record, and no such certificate was ever filed or entered of record in said cause, or executed by any court or judge, and appellee expressly and specifically denies that the said evidence and testimony is of record in said cause or has been preserved as required by law.”
The Conners case, supra, was practically, if not expressly, overruled in Hershey v. Nyenhuis, 103 Iowa, 195, and in the Sa/rvis case it does not appear that any denial was filed.
Surely there was no waiver here. In this state of the record there is nothing to be done save to take the findings- of fact of the referee as correct and determine therefrom whether. or not his conclusions of law and the final decree are justifiable.
We are satisfied that both the referee and the trial court came as near to a correct adjustment of the accounts as is.possible under the circumstances, and the decree must be and it is affirmed.