50 Vt. 112 | Vt. | 1877
The opinion of the court was delivered by
This is an action of assumpsit in the common counts. It is not questioned that State courts would have jurisdiction in this form of action where national banks are parties, for causes of action arising ex contractu in business transactions. So far as the cause of action set forth in the declaration is concerned, there is no ground for the motion. The specification shows that recovery is sought for money paid to the bank as interest in excess of six per cent. It is therefore claimed that the State court had not jurisdiction, and that, for such recovery, the jurisdiction is exclusive in the Federal courts. Whatever might be true in this respect if the suit had been brought to recover the forfeiture of twice the amount of interest thus paid, counting on the U. S. Rev. Sts. s. 5198,
We have the note of a case in 4 Am. Law Times, 139, in which the Supreme Court of Maryland, in 1877, held that the State Court has such jurisdiction, and that the penalties and forfeitures of which exclusive jurisdiction is given to the Federal courts by s. 711 of Rev. Sts. U. S., contemplates only those penalties and forfeitures.of a public nature which may be sued for by the Government, or some person in its behalf.
In Steadman v. Redfield, 2 Am. Law Times, 624, the Supreme Court of Tennessee, in 1874, decided that the national currency act does not prevent an action in a State court against a national bank, to recover an amount usuriously received in violation of State laws.
In 1st Nat. Bk. of Whitehall v. Lamb, 50 N. Y. 95, and in Bank v. Hale, 59 N. Y. 53, it was held that national banks are subject to the usury laws of the States in which they are located, and that the penalty of the State laws may be enforced in the State courts. In Cook v. Nat. Bk. of Boston, 52 N. Y. 96, it was held that a Massachusetts national bank may be sued in a
Upon the subjection of national banks to State laws, see 9 Wall. 362, in which it is said: “It is only when State law incapacitates them from discharging their duties to the government, that it becomes unconstitutional.”
In view of the act of Congress conferring jurisdiction on the State courts, and of the cases above cited, we have no hesitation in holding that the State courts of Vermont may take and exercise the jurisdiction thus conferred. It is not necessary, in disposing of the motion in this case, to decide the question, whether the banks, as to usury, are subject to State laws, as held in New York, or only subject to Federal laws, as held in Massachusetts; nor whether, in order to recover the forfeiture, as such, provided in said section 5198 of the Rev. Sts., it would be necessary to count expressly on that section; nor whether, in the present suit, the right of recovery would be limited to two years next prior to the bringing of the suit; or, on the other hand, whether the money paid to the bank as usury, is to be regarded as having become forfeited on the fact of payment, by reason of being received in violation of law, and so the bank would be holding it without right, and to the use of the party paying it, and therefore it might be recovered in this action at whatever time received within our own statute limitation. Under the motion the only question is, can the action be maintained for any purpose ? For what the plaintiff may recover in the action is to be determined on the trial under legitimate pleadings, and not upon this motion, by anticipation, and with such limited scope of argument as was addressed to us upon the hearing on this bill of exceptions.
The pro forma judgment is reversed, and cause remanded.
See Hade v. McVay, 31 Ohio St., abstracted in 17 Am. Law Reg. N. S. (July 1878) 476-7. — Reposte®.