Douglass's Appeal

48 Pa. 223 | Pa. | 1864

The opinion of the court was delivered by

Strong, J.

— In the distribution of the proceeds of a sheriff’s sale, the rights of those claiming to participate are to he determined as they were at the time the sale was made. Such a sale divests whatever liens are upon the lands at the time, and the lien-holders are turned over to the proceeds. No lien upon the fund, and consequently no right to participate in its distribution, can be acquired afterwards. These are familiar principles, and they are applicable to this case. The sheriff’s sale of the real estate of Thomas McMasters, was made on the 30th day of January 1864. At that time the judgment of Robert Coulter against McMasters and Watson appeared from the record to have been satisfied. An execution had issued upon it to June Term 1862, to which the sheriff had returned “money made.” There was also endorsed a receipt of the plaintiff’s attorney for the debt and interest in full. Thus the judgment was paid, and at law, certainly, it no longer had any existence. The next judgment to Coulter’s was that of the appellant, under which the property was sold. It was not until the 1st of February 1864, after the sheriff’s sale, and nearly two years after Coulter’s judgment against McMasters and Watson had been satisfied, that Watson went into court, representing that he had been a surety of McMasters in that judgment, and as such had paid it, and obtained an order that he should be subrogated to the rights of the plaintiff. The order was made without any notice to Douglass, the next judgment-creditor of McMasters. It was upon this state of the record that the court below decreed that out of the fund now in court for distribution, arising from the sale of Thomas McMaster’s estate, Watson should take the amount of the Coulter judgment to the rights of the plaintiff in which he was subrogated on the 1st of February 1864, after the sheriff's sale. We think the decree was erroneous. Whatever may have been Watson’s equity against McMasters by virtue of the contract of suretyship, he could not enforce it to the prejudice of Douglass, after the sheriff’s sale. Even the order of subrogation made, on the day after the sale, made him but the holder of an equity, and such an one as will not be enforced when thereby injustice will be done to the rights of others. It is a settled principle that the holder of an equity must be vigilant in asserting it, if he would have the aid of a chancellor. Laches in such a holder will always postpone him to one who may have been injured by his inertness. But here Watson, after having paid the judgment against his principal, remained quiet nearly two years without any assertion of his secret equity. He permitted the record to show continuously during all that period that the judgment of Coulter against his principal was paid. While thus inactive, the sheriff’s sale of the debtor’s property took place. Thus the appellant was thrown off his guard by the state of the record. It was his right to assume that the judgment of Coulter was no. longer in existence, and either refrain from bidding at the sale, or regulate his bid accordingly. It is not to be permitted that a secret equity may be held unasserted until holders of legal rights have lost an opportunity to protect themselves against it, and then brought forward to the injury of those who had no knowledge of its existence. It is insisted, however, that the decree of the court’ordering the subrogation of Watson to the rights of Coulter was conclusive upon the auditor, and also upon all claimants to the fund for distribution. But of what was it conclusive? Not, surely, of the claim that Coulter’s judgment was a lien upon the land of McMasters when the sheriff’s sale was made. It was doubtless an adjudication, that Watson had a right, as against bis principal, to use the judgment, but it gave to him no right at law. Notwithstanding the decree he was hut the holder of an equity. The decree of subrogation is only a form; it is the right to subrogation which is the substance. After the 1st of February 1864, Watson was, therefore, in no better situation than he was before. His equitable right was liable to postponement because of his laches, as fully as if subrogation had never been decreed. Consequently an award of the fund in court was no attack upon what the court had done. It left the decree of subrogation untouched. Hence, there was nothing to preclude the appellant from asserting his claim to the fund in preference to any equitable claim of Watson.

The decree of the Court of Common Pleas is reversed, and it is ordered that the fund in that court be distributed according to schedule A, reported by the auditor, and it is further ordered that the costs of this appeal be paid by William Gr. Watson, the appellee.