586 N.E.2d 1156 | Ohio Ct. App. | 1990
Plaintiffs Pasquale A. Donofrio et al. ("the insured") sought damages for breach of contract against the defendant, Amerisure Insurance Company ("the insurer"), alleging that the insurer wrongfully refused to pay their claims for property damage under their fire insurance policy. The jury returned a defense verdict after the requisite three fourths of the jurors signed the general verdict and special interrogatories. Upon motion by the insured, pursuant to Civ.R. 48, the court polled the jury. Six jurors acknowledged their assent in both the general verdict and special interrogatories. The insured requested that the court again poll the jury because it believed that one of the six jurors was not in agreement with the verdict. The court separated the jurors and polled each juror individually. Juror No. 8 then retracted her assent to the verdict. The trial court declared a mistrial upon the insured's motion and denied the insurer's motion to accept the general verdict and interrogatories. Later, the insurer filed a motion for judgment which the court overruled on October 7, 1988.
The insurer appealed from the court's October 7, 1988 order raising a single assignment of error.1 The insured moved to dismiss the appeal alleging that a *274 mistrial is not a final appealable order and, alternatively, that if such an order is a final order then this court is without jurisdiction because the insurer's appeal was not timely.2 Upon review, we find that we are without jurisdiction and dismiss the appeal.
The appellate jurisdiction of this court is limited to consideration of "* * * judgments or final orders of the courts of record inferior to the Court of Appeals within the district * * *." R.C.
Ordinarily declaration of a mistrial and continuing a case on the trial docket is not a final appealable order. Kauffman v.Schauer (1929),
In this case, however, we are not presented with a factual situation where the jury was unable to reach a verdict. Here the jury had reached a verdict and, until the insured requested the second jury poll, all that was left for the court to do in response to their finding was to enter judgment on the verdict. Because Juror No. 8 retracted her assent the court discharged the jury and declared a mistrial. Thus, we must resolve whether a mistrial order filed after the jury returns a verdict but before entry of a judgment is a final or an interlocutory order.
In a case interpreting the "final order" language in R.C.
Likewise, reviewing a motion for mistrial coupled with a request for a new trial in a civil matter, the Paulding County Court of Appeals held that an order setting aside a verdict and granting a new trial made before the entry of judgment on a verdict is a final appealable order. Latimer v. Morris, supra.
In Latimer the court ruled that the legal effect of a new trial order is the same whether it is entered before or after judgment is entered. The only practical difference is that before judgment is entered, grant of a new trial deprives a prevailing party of a verdict which would have been entered in its favor in the normal course of events, while the grant of a new trial after judgment deprives a party of the judgment entered in accordance with its favorable verdict. Id.,
In the instant case, the grant of the mistrial motion had the practical effect of granting the insured a new trial. Cf.Latimer, supra. See, also, Tullos v. Motorists Mut. Ins. Co. (June 18, 1974), Franklin App. No. 74AP-34, unreported. We hold that after a jury returns with a verdict and the trial court grants a mistrial motion, because a juror recants during the jury poll, such an order is a final order appealable to this court. If this were not the rule, then the action of the trial court pursuant to Civ.R. 48 would be reviewable only at the discretion of the trial court. Cf. State v. Huntsman, supra. Such a rule would be an anomaly. See id.
In an entry filed June 22, 1988, the trial court denied the insurer's motion to accept the general verdict and interrogatories. In that entry the court also journalized an order granting the insured's motion for a mistrial.3 On July 18, 1988 the insurer filed its motion for entry of judgment and appealed from the October 7, 1988 denial of that motion. *276
Though neither party refers to the insurer's motion as being filed in accordance with Civ.R. 50(B) we will not elevate form over substance. The insurer's motion establishes its essence to be a request for entry of judgment in accordance with Civ.R. 50(B). Cf. North Royalton Edn. Assn. v. Bd. of Edn. (1975),
Pursuant to Civ.R. 50(B), a motion for entry of judgment must be made not later than fourteen days after entry of judgment or within fourteen days after the jury has been discharged if a verdict was not returned. As we noted earlier, the court denied the insurer's motion to accept the general verdict on June 22 and we note that the jury was discharged on June 10. To be a timely motion for judgment the insurer had until July 6 to make its motion. Thus, the July 18 motion for judgment was not timely.
App.R. 4(A) provides in relevant part:
"In a civil case the notice of appeal required by Rule 3 shall be filed with the clerk of the trial court within thirty days of the date of the entry of the judgment or order appealed from. * * *
"The running of the time for filing a notice of appeal is suspended as to all parties by a timely motion filed in the trial court by any party pursuant to the Civil Rules hereafter enumerated in this sentence, and the full time for appeal fixed by this subdivision commences to run and is to be computed from the entry of the last of any of the following orders made upon a timely motion under such rules granting or denying a motion (1) for judgment under Rule 50(B); (2) for a new trial under Rule 59 * * *."
An untimely motion for judgment does not suspend the thirty-day time limit for filing a notice of appeal under App.R. 4(A). See R-H-L Advertising Co. v. Americo Wholesale PlumbingSupply Co. (1980),
The insurer filed its motion for judgment twenty-six days after the court's judgment was journalized; hence, the time for filing an appeal was not tolled by this motion. The thirty-day time limit, therefore, expired on July 22, 1988. Thus, the insurer's November 2, 1988 notice of appeal was not timely.
The App.R. 4(A) time requirement is jurisdictional.Moldovan v. Cuyahoga Cty. Welfare Dept. (1986),
Appeal dismissed.
NAHRA and PRYATEL, JJ., concur.
THOMAS J. PARRINO, J., retired, of the Eighth Appellate District, and AUGUST PRYATEL, J., retired, of the Eighth Appellate District, sitting by assignment.
"The trial court committed reversible error by refusing to enter judgment in favor of defendant in accordance with the jury's verdict."