67 A.2d 88 | Pa. | 1949
Next of kin appeal from an order of distribution1 made on the adjudication of the account of the executor of J. Allan Donaldson. The appellants are his adoptive first cousins. He died March 31, 1947, about seven months after his wife's death. They left no issue. The plan of his will was simple: to provide an income for his wife for life if she survived him and to give the residue to the University of Pennsylvania and the Harrisburg Polyclinic Hospital whether she survived him or not. He made one other gift; he provided in paragraph 3 that his wife should receive "all of my jewelry, wearing apparel, automobile or automobiles and other personal effects which I may own at the time of my decease. Should my wife predecease me, my executor shall have the power to distribute such personal effects among my next of kin . . ." If she survived (paragraph 4) "all of the rest, residue and remainder of my estate, real, personal, or mixed" would go to the accountant to pay the net income to her for life. Paragraph 5 specified the terms of the trust created in paragraph 4. In paragraph 6, a residuary provision, he directed conversion of "all of the assets of the trust into cash as soon as can be done" after the death of his wife, if she survived him, and the payment of "the net proceeds thereof" to the University and the Hospital. In paragraph 7, an alternative residuary provision, he directed that on his death, his wife having predeceased him, his executer should "convert all of the assets of my estate into cash . . ." and distribute to the two charities. Paragraph 8 provided disposition in the event of their deaths in a common disaster, etc.
1. Appellants contend that the gift in paragraph 3 of "all of my jewelry, wearing apparel, automobile or automobiles and other personal effects . . ." includes *360
household furniture and furnishings, though not mentioned in the gift. That conclusion is reached by contending that the words "and other personal effects" include, by the rule ejusdem generis, household furniture and furnishings. President Judge RICHARDS properly rejected this contention as inconsistent with the apparent intention expressed in the will read as a whole.2 Personal effects, on the one hand, and household furniture and furnishings on the other, may constitute two classes of objects and have been so considered in our cases. InLippincott's Estate,
2. Appellants' second point is that there was partial intestacy under paragraph 7. They contend that the "gift to the University and the Hospital is limited to the proceeds of the conversion of assets other than real estate and business interests." They argue that the only dispositive language, aside from paragraph 3 dealing with personal effects, is in paragraph 7. We shall therefore quote it. "7. If my said wife, Helen Ray Donaldson, shall predecease me, I direct my executor to convert all of the assets of my estate into cash. With respect to real estate, or any interest therein, which I may own at the time of my death, or any business enterprise *362 which I may own at such time, I direct my executor to dispose of the same in the same manner and with the same powers and authority as hereinbefore conferred upon my trustees with respect to such items. All other assets shall be converted into cash as soon as this can be accomplished without sacrifice to the estate and the total net proceeds shall be divided equally between the Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and the Harrisburg Polyclinic Hospital located in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, such funds to be used for such capital improvements or endowment purposes as may be determined by the governing boards of said institutions."
Appellants contend (1) "that there is no gift of the real estate holdings and business interests, nor of the proceeds of their sale; and that, therefore, an intestacy, as to these assets of the estate results; (2) that, since only proceeds ofsale are given to the two beneficiaries, there is no gift of cash and items equivalent to cash, or of any income, that are not the subjects of sale or conversion, and that an intestacy as to those items results." Those contentions ignore the comparatively simple plan of testamentary disposition. Testator was obviously disposing of all his property not previously given in paragraph 3. Paragraph 6 was a residuary provision disposing of all his property after the death of his wife, in case she survived him; paragraph 7 is the residuary provision applicable if he survived his wife: compare Noble's Estate,
3. In paragraph 6, as stated above, testator gave the charities the net proceeds to be realized, on his wife's death if she survived him, by converting the assets of the trust, that is by reducing them to cash. The words of paragraph 7 must be read with paragraph 6 in mind, because both were parts of the disposition of his entire residue in the contingencies respectively provided for. In reading the whole will to ascertain the intention of the testator, the court may not disregard a provision merely because a contingency rendered it inoperative. To say, as appellants also contend, that by the words used the testator did not dispose of cash on hand and investments in securities because cash and securities were not specified by the use of the words "cash and securities" is to ignore the realities of the testator's conduct in disposing of the residue of his estate remaining after providing for his wife. The cash and the securities passed for what they were in the designations "all of the assets of my trust" (in the contingency expressed in paragraph 6) and "all of the assets of my estate" (in the contingency expressed in paragraph 7). Compare Appeal of the Boards of Missions of the UnitedPresbyterian Church,5
It is significant that appellants have not contended that paragraph 6, if the wife survived, resulted in partial intestacy; the will is too clearly against such a construction. But they would disregard the effect of paragraph 6 in their claim of partial intestacy under paragraph 7, the contingent counterpart of paragraph 6; that paragraph must be considered if it aids in showing *365 what the words of the will mean. Counsel for the University, in the course of his argument, points to paragraph 8 as supporting testator's intention not to die intestate in any contingency. That paragraph provides, "In the event that my wife and I shall die in a common disaster, or under such circumstances that it cannot be readily determined which of us died first; or if my wife, regardless of the cause of her death shall survive me for less than thirty days, she shall be deemed not to have survived me whether or not I actually predecease her." Counsel suggests that: "The desperate unlikelihood of Appellants' position is further illustrated by its application to a case where Article 8 of the will might have become applicable. They are forced to the conclusion that testator intended a complete disposition of his real estate and business if his wife survived him by 31 days, but that if she survived him by only 29 days testator did not intend such disposition, but to die intestate as to a large part of his estate."
Decree affirmed; costs to be paid by appellant.