18 Conn. Supp. 475 | Conn. Super. Ct. | 1954
This is an action against the town of Winchester and The Connecticut Light and Power Company, hereinafter referred to as the defendant, in which the plaintiff seeks damages from both defendants as the result of a fall alleged to have occurred on the public sidewalk "in front of the property belonging to the defendant, The Connecticut Light and Power Company." The complaint claims that the fall was due to a defective and dangerous condition of broken concrete in the sidewalk "adjacent to" the property of the defendant and that the surface of the sidewalk was covered with snow and ice. *476
The first count alleges that the defendant town of Winchester is charged with the duty of proper care and maintenance of the streets in the town, had notice of the defective condition, and neglected to remedy it, as a result of which the plaintiff was injured. The second count alleges the same structural defects and ice and snow condition, that the defendant company owned the abutting property and the ordinances of the town of Winchester and city of Winsted require abutting owners to remove ice and snow from public sidewalks, which the defendant neglected to do, resulting in plaintiff's fall and injuries. The third count alleges that the defendant so maintained its abutting property that it caused a public nuisance on the sidewalk. The fourth count repeats the alleged structural defects and ice and snow accumulation and that the defendant company was negligent "in that it allowed said sidewalk to remain in said defective condition."
The defendant company has demurred to both the second and fourth counts on the grounds, as to each count, that there is no allegation that any duty owing to the plaintiff has been breached by the defendant.
It is essential to a cause of action based on negligence that the breach of some legal duty to the plaintiff be alleged, for negligence is, by definition, the breach of a duty. Collins v. City National Bank Trust Co.,
In the second count the alleged negligence of the defendant company is failure to remove snow and ice from a public sidewalk as required by a local ordinance, and in the fourth count the alleged negligence is neglect to remedy a defective condition on the public sidewalk.
It is not without significance that in the first paragraph of the first count the plaintiff alleges that the defendant town of Winchester "is charged with the proper care and maintenance of the streets within the limits of said town." The law as to the relative duties of municipalities and owners of property abutting a public sidewalk is well summarized in the headnote to Willoughby v. NewHaven,
The mere allegation that the defendant is the owner of premises abutting a public sidewalk and that a local ordinance provides that the abutting owner shall remove snow and ice, or that the sidewalk was defective and the abutting owner did not repair it, is not sufficient against a demurrer which properly claims that the complaint sets forth no breach of a legal duty owed to the plaintiff.
The plaintiff particularly asserts that these demurrers are general and not special, as is required by § 7814. The fine line between what is special and general in a particular case may be a difficult one to draw.
"A demurrer is not a mere procedural nicety, but is a precise instrument for the final determination on the merits of justifiability under pertinent rules of law of an asserted cause of action or defense. It is the formal mode of disputing the sufficiency in law of the pleading to which it pertains." 71 C.J.S. *479 426. A demurrer is general when no particular ground for the demurrer is alleged and an attack is made on the sufficiency of the pleading as a whole. It is special when the particular imperfection is pointed out. Id., 419, 421. It is basic that a complaint in such an action as this must state facts showing the jurisdiction of the court, a duty owed by the defendant to the plaintiff, a breach of that duty and injury to the plaintiff caused thereby. The absence of any one of these makes the complaint defective. The demurrer is sufficiently special when it points out the particular defect in the complaint attacked, in this case the absence of any allegation that any duty owing to the plaintiff has been breached by the defendant.
Defendant's demurrer to both the second and fourth counts are therefore sustained.