81 Ohio St. 3d 494 | Ohio | 1998
In 1992, when respondents began airing television commercials, DR 2-101(A) did not specifically proscribe advertisements that contained testimonials of past or present clients pertaining to a lawyer’s capability. However, on January 1, 1993, DR 2-101(A) was amended and television commercials containing the testimonials of satisfied clients, such as those broadcast by respondents, were prohibited. We agree with the conclusion of the panel that the four television commercials presented from April 1994 through early 1996, in which former clients praised the work of the firm, violated DR 2—101(A)(3).
The commercials that contained information about the firm’s past successes, while not inaccurate, were self-laudatory and inherently misleading. Despite the praises of the former clients, there is no way to objectively determine whether the results achieved by the firm were exceptional, adequate, or poor, or even whether the firm was instrumental in the outcome of the cases. Comments about past successes may create unjustified expectations of similar outcomes in the future without taking into account the peculiarities of the particular cases. We agree with the board that respondents’ television commercials violated DR 2-101(A)(1).
In Disciplinary Counsel v. Zauderer (1984), 10 Ohio St.3d 44, 10 OBR 308, 461 N.E.2d 883, under former DR 2-101(B)(15), which is essentially the same as the present DR 2 — 101 (E)(1)(c), we publicly reprimanded an attorney who advertised, “If there is no recovery, no legal fees are owed by our clients.” In upholding our sanction, the Supreme Court in Zauderer v. Office of Disciplinary Counsel (1985), 471 U.S. 626, 652, 105 S.Ct. 2265, 2282, 85 L.Ed.2d 652, 673, said, “The advertisement makes no mention of the distinction between ‘legal fees’ and ‘costs,’ and to a layman not aware of the meaning of these terms of art, the advertise
While it may be true that respondents’ practice is not to bill costs and expenses to clients who lose, paragraph three of the standard fee agreement that respondents entered into with their clients provided that itemized “case” expenses “shall be billed to the Client over and above any billings for Attorney’s fees.” Indeed, were the respondents to agree otherwise, they would violate DR 5-103(B), which states that a lawyer may advance expenses of the case “provided the client remains ultimately liable for such expenses.”
Thus, despite respondents’ practice, their clients had a legal obligation to pay the costs and expenses of their cases, and DR 2-101(E)(1)(c) requires that this obligation should have been revealed in respondents’ television commercials relating to contingent fees.
We therefore adopt the findings and conclusions of the panel. Respondents did use testimonials of past clients in commercials that were clearly self-laudatory in violation of DR 2—101(A)(1) and (3). Their contingent fee advertisements were in violation of DR 2—101(E)(1)(c).
In determining the sanction to be imposed, we consider the duty violated, the lawyer’s mental state, the injury caused, and the existence of aggravating or mitigating circumstances. Warren Cty. Bar Assn. v. Bunce (1998), 81 Ohio St.3d 112, 115, 689 N.E.2d 566, 568, and cases cited therein. There is a fine line separating the law firm’s right to make its services known not only through reputation but also through advertising, and the law firm’s duty not to mislead the public or overreach in its zeal to obtain clients. Here we have found a violation of the duty not to mislead. However, respondents appear not to have violated this duty deliberately, but partly by their negligence in failing to be aware of the change in the Disciplinary Rules while they were running the offending television advertisements. Moreover, we take notice, as did the board, that there are “hundreds of yellow pages ads in every city in Ohio containing the words ‘no recovery, no fee,’ ” indicating that numerous other lawyers were and are under the impression that such advertising conforms with the Disciplinary Rules. Thus, we conclude that the respondents’ mental state was not to purposely violate the rules of the profession. Moreover, there was no evidence of any harm done to any client of respondents by the offending advertisements. Finally, we note that the respondents immediately ceased such advertising when
In imposing this sanction we are also informing all members of the profession that such advertisements, whether in newspapers, on television, or in the “yellow pages,” are improper and should be either withdrawn or modified as soon as feasible to conform with this decision.
Costs taxed to respondents.
Judgment accordingly.
. We recognize that at the time this decision is released, in many areas of Ohio, yellow pages advertisements for the year beginning June 1998 have already been printed. Each of these advertisements is potentially misleading and, like respondents’ television advertising, in violation of DR 2—101(E)(1)(c). We do not expect disciplinary actions to be brought against attorneys who are unable to withdraw such advertisements, but we do expect that every member of the bar will be aware that, within a reasonable time, all advertising in violation of the Disciplinary Rules shall cease.
