209 F.R.D. 455 | C.D. Cal. | 2002
PROCEEDINGS: DEFENDANT AMERICAN PRECISION ELECTRONICS, INC.’S MOTION TO COMPEL PLAINTIFF TO PROVIDE ANSWERS WITHOUT OBJECTION AND PRODUCE DOCUMENTS RESPONSIVE TO REQUESTS FOR PRODUCTION OF DOCUMENTS 11-69 AND A FURTHER RESPONSE TO INTERROGATORY 2
On July 19, 2002, defendant American Precision Electronics, Inc. filed a notice of motion and motion to compel plaintiff to provide answers without objection and produce documents responsive to requests for production of documents 11-69 and a further response to interrogatory 2 and joint stipulation, with supporting the declaration of Neal R. Marder and exhibits. On the same date, plaintiff filed the opposing declarations of Michael E. Williams with exhibit, Michael Rosenberger with exhibits, and Peter Klauss, Ph.D. On July 31, 2002, defendant filed its supplemental memorandum in support of its motion to compel and evidentiary objections to the declaration and exhibits of Michael Rosenber-ger
Oral argument was held before Magistrate Judge Rosalyn M. Chapman on August 14, 2002. Plaintiff was represented by Michael E. Williams, attorney-at-law, with the law firm Quinn Emanuel Urquhart Oliver & Hedges, and Michael Rosenberger, attorney-at-law, with the law firm Yarmuth Wilsdon Calfo, and defendant was represented by Neal R. Marder, attorney-at-law, with the law firm Winston & Strawn.
BACKGROUND
This action commenced on April 2, 2001, when plaintiff DIRECTV filed its initial complaint against multiple defendants alleging they conspired to provide for the unlawful accessing of plaintiffs satellite television programming system. On November 28, 2001, plaintiff filed the pending Third Amended Complaint against multiple defendants, including defendant American Precision Elec
The allegations of the Third Amended Complaint are briefly summarized as follows: Plaintiff “is the nation’s leading direct broadcast satellite system, delivering approximately 225 channels of digital entertainment and informational programming to approximately 10.3 million homes and businesses equipped with specialized DIRECTV receiving equipment.” TAC H2. This equipment includes “a small satellite dish (typically 18 inches in size), an integrated receiver/decoder (TRD’) and an Access Card which is necessary to operate the IRD.” TAC H59. News Datacom Limited, NDS Americas, Inc., and NDS Limited “developed the technology and equipment used by DIRECTV to encrypt its transmissions, including Access Cards which, upon activation by DIRECTV, permit subscribers to view DIRECTV’s television programming in a decrypted — descrambled—format.” TAC H113, 60-68. Plaintiff sells satellite television programming, for which a subscriber purchases plaintiffs receiving equipment and usually pays plaintiff a monthly service fee and additional fees for ordered “pay-per-view” events and movies. TAC HU 62-63. Multiple defendants, including defendant American Precision Electronics, Inc. “have ene-gaged [sic] in repeated illegal and improper acts, practices and schemes: (a) to assist ... the illegal and unauthorized reception and decryption of DIRECTV’s satellite transmissions ... by persons not authorized to receive such programming; (b) to defraud DIRECTV of subscription and pay-per-view revenues and other valuable consideration by trafficking, distributing, and selling [devices] intended to facilitate the reception and decryption of DIRECTV’s satellite television programming without authorization by or payment to DIRECTV; (c) to defraud DIRECTV of revenues and other valuable consideration by trafficking, distributing, and selling [devices] intended to illegally modify DIRECTV’s Access Cards; (d) ... to infringe DIRECTV’s proprietary interests ... by copying, reproducing, cloning and modifying computer programs ... developed by or on behalf of DIRECTV, without authorization by or payment to DIRECTV; (e) to interfere with DIRECTV’s contractual and prospective business relations ...; and (f) to conceal defendants’ fraudulent schemes and activities from and to hinder detection by DIRECTV and law enforcement officials.” TACU 70.
On November 28, 2001, District Judge David O. Carter issued a Temporary Restraining Order against defendant, and on December 14, 2001, defendant stipulated to a preliminary injunction and impoundment. On February 1, 2002, defendant answered the Third Amended Complaint.
DISCUSSION
I
The parties’ joint stipulation establishes that on February 21, 2001, defendant served
II
Interrogatory no. 2 asks: “IDENTIFY the specific damages that YOU have suffered as a result of each cause of action set forth in YOUR COMPLAINT.” In response, plaintiff stated:
DIRECTV objects to this interrogatory on the grounds it assumes that DIRECTV must prove actual damages rather than statutory damages as set forth in the complaint. Subject [to] this objection and without waiving it, DIRECTV states that it loses approximately $204.56 per month in subscription and pay-for-view fees for each pirate device in use. Given that [defendant] produced more than 100,000 pirate devices in 2001 alone, damages resulting from [defendant’s] conduct exceed $20 million.
Jt.Stip., Exh. E at 82. Defendant seeks to compel further responses to this interrogatory, arguing plaintiff fails to address “specific damages claimed for each cause of action.” Plaintiff argues it has fully answered the interrogatory. Defendant is correct. As set forth above, plaintiff has several different claims against defendant, and defendant is entitled to know its exposure on each claim; yet, plaintiffs answer to this interrogatory does not provide that information.
Ill
Rule 26(b)(1), as recently amended, permits discovery in civil actions of “any matter, not privileged, that is relevant to the claim or defense of any party____” The party who resists discovery has the burden to show that discovery should not be allowed, and has the burden of clarifying, explaining, and supporting its objections. Blankenship v. Hearst Corp., 519 F.2d 418, 429 (9th Cir. 1975); Nestle Foods Corp. v. Aetna Cas. & Sur. Co., 135 F.R.D. 101, 104 (D.N.J.1990). All discovery, and federal litigation generally, is subject to Rule 1, which directs that the rules “shall be construed and administered to secure the just, speedy, and inexpensive determination of every action.”
Request for production nos. 11-69 generally seek “[a]ny and all DOCUMENTS pertaining” to the design, manufacture, programming, processes, interrelationships, dissemination, effects on, and the like of: access cards, integrated/receiver decoders, algorithms used to encrypt plaintiffs transmissions, electronic countermeasures (“ECM”) to disable illegally modified access cards, satellite piracy publications, ECM taken on January 21, 2001, hashing, glitching, flashing, cloning, cleaning, and lots more. In short, defendant seeks all documents pertaining to the creation and operation of plaintiffs satellite television programming system and plaintiffs efforts to prevent that system from being accessed by others without authorization by, or payment to, plaintiff. Plaintiff has refused to provide any documents responsive to these requests, arguing such documents are trade secrets or other commercial information vital to plaintiffs survival and unnecessary for any defense against the allegations in the Third Amended Complaint. Specifically, plaintiff argues this case is not about how its technology works, or what it does to prevent the pirating of its technology or satellite television programming, but rather is solely about whether the devices manufactured by defendant, a circuit board manu
The declaration of Dr. Peter Klauss, plaintiffs Senior Director of Technology for the Conditional Access Department, establishes the information defendant seeks (regarding access cards, IRDs, ECMs, etc.) is confidential information or trade secrets, and plaintiff would be harmed by the disclosure of such information, Klauss Deck, flit 1, 3-12, and defendant does not dispute this.
There is no absolute privilege for trade secrets and similar confidential information. Federal Open Market Committee v. Merrill, 443 U.S. 340, 362, 99 S.Ct. 2800, 2813, 61 L.Ed.2d 587 (1979); Hartley Pen Co., 287 F.2d at 330; Centurion Industries, Inc. v. Warren Steurer & Assoc., 665 F.2d 323, 325 (10th Cir.1981). Nevertheless, as the Advisory Committee Notes to the 1970 Amendment to Rule 26(c) state: “[Although] courts have not given trade secrets automatic and complete immunity against disclosure, [they] have in each case weighed their claim to privacy against the need for disclosure.” Similarly, the Eighth Circuit has commented:
In light of the protection afforded to trade secrets by Rule 26(c)(7), courts have attempted to reconcile the competing inter- • ests in trade secret discovery disputes. First, the party opposing discovery must show that the information is a ‘trade secret or other confidential research, development, or commercial information’ under Rule 26(c)(7) and that its disclosure would be harmful to the party’s interest in the property. The burden then shifts to the party seeking discovery to show that the information is relevant to the subject matter of the lawsuit and is necessary to prepare the case for trial, [fl] If the party seeking discovery shows both relevance and need, the court must weigh the injury that disclosure might cause to the property against the moving party’s need for the information. If the party seeking discovery fails to show both the relevance of the requested information and the need for the material in developing its case, there is no reason for the discovery request to be granted, and the trade secrets are not to be revealed.
In re Remington Arms Company, Inc., 952 F.2d 1029, 1032 (8th Cir.1991) (citations omit
Here, defendant argues the information regarding plaintiffs technological measures is both relevant and critical to its defense of this action because the “heart” of plaintiffs case is that defendant “‘manufactured devices designed to circumvent [plaintiffs] encryption technology in order to permit the unauthorized viewing of [plaintiffs] satellite broadcast.’ ” Jt.Stip. at 26:16-26 (citation omitted). More specifically, defendant argues it “must be permitted to analyze Plaintiffs documents concerning its technological measures to: (1) defend against Plaintiffs allegations of knowledge, willfulness and malice; (2) prove it was unaware of Plaintiffs technological measures; (3) prove it did not design the devices; (4) prove it did not manufacture the devices to circumvent Plaintiffs technological measures; (5) prove the devices it manufactured are industry standard tools to program smart cards and that it is software used with a smart car that must be ‘specifically designed’ to circumvent Plaintiffs technological measures; and (6) prove that it did not manufacture the devices for an unlawful purpose.” Supp.Memo. at 3:6-15. Yet, these arguments are not supported by specifics, and none of them explains why defendant must have access to plaintiffs proprietary information regarding the design, manufacture, etc., of plaintiffs satellite television programming system and its anti-piracy efforts to demonstrate that defendant’s actions were not willful, defendant did not manufacture the devices for an unlawful purpose, and defendant had no knowledge of plaintiffs technological measures. Thus, defendant has not shown either its need for, or the relevance under Rule 26(b)(1) of, the requested information, and its motion to compel must be denied.
ORDER
1. Defendant’s motion to compel further responses to interrogatory no. 2 is granted, and plaintiff shall provide such responses no later than ten (10) days from the date of this Order.
2. Defendant’s motion to compel responses to request for production of documents nos. 11-69 is denied.
. The Court grants, in part, and denies, in part, defendant's evidentiary objections to the declaration of Michael Rosenberger and exhibits. Specifically, the Court denies defendant's objection that Rosenberger’s declaration be stricken in toto. However, the Court grants defendant’s objections to the extent it strikes from paragraph 2 the phrase "that DIRECTV's representatives determined were used for satellite signal theft,” pursuant to Fed.R.Evid. 801-802, and strikes paragraph 3, pursuant to Fed.R.Evid. 401-402.
. The Court grants, in part, and denies, in part, defendant's evidentiary objections to the declaration of Peter Klauss, Ph.D. Specifically, the Court denies defendant's objection that Klauss’ declaration be stricken in toto. However, the Court grants defendant’s objections to the extent it strikes: from paragraph 7, the phrase "including the Terminator Bootloader,” pursuant to Fed. R.Evid. 602, 701; from paragraph 10, the second sentence (lines 9-17), the phrase "The number of documents that 'pertain to’ one of these subject areas is incalculable, given that” (lines 18-19), and the last sentence, pursuant to Fed.R.Evid. 602; from paragraph 12, the last two sentences (lines 14-15), pursuant to Fed.R.Evid. 701; paragraph 13, pursuant to Fed.R.Evid. 701; and from paragraph 14, every sentence except the third and fourth sentences (lines 23-24), pursuant to Fed.R.Evid. 602, 701.
. On July 31, 2002, District Judge Percy Anderson granted plaintiff’s request to dismiss this cause of action.
. Here, the Court has not ordered otherwise.
. See, e.g., Defendant’s Supplemental Memorandum at 3:22-4:18 (arguing the Court can adequately protect plaintiff’s trade secrets).
. Moreover, the requests for production of documents are, for the most part, overly broad, pertaining to documents that relate to all defendants, rather than solely to defendant American Precision Electronics, Inc.