Plаintiff is the owner of shorefront property in Port Sanilac, Michigan, which borders Lake Huron. Plaintiff appeals dismissal of his suit alleging, inter alia, inverse condemnation and trespass against defendants on the basis that the period of limitations had run. We reverse and remand.
*150 Plaintiff took title to the shoreland in 1968. The property had previously been used as a roller skating rink. In 1971, defendant Department of Natural Resources deeded to defendant Village of Pоrt Sanilac unpatented Lake Huron bottom land located adjacent to plaintiffs property pursuant to the Great Lakes Submerged Lands Act. MCL 322.701 et seq.; MSA 13.700(1) et seq. The village and defendant Port Authority for the Harbor of Port Sanilac planned to build a harbor and necessary facilities, and subsequently the bottom land was used as part of the harbor project.
On May 29, 1985, plaintiff filed a complaint alleging (1) trespass (2) violation of the act, (3) inverse condemnation, and (4) nuisance. The first cause of action was asserted only against the village and port authority; the third cause of action only against the village and the dnr, and the fourth against all three defendants. Defendants filed motions for summary disposition arguing that plaintiffs claim was barred by the statute of limitations. In a November 3, 1986, written opinion, the trial court rejected application of the fifteen-year limitation period urged by plaintiff. The court ruled that a six-year period of limitation applied to all of plaintiffs claims and therefore dismissed the suit as barred by the statute of limitations. Plaintiff now appeals dismissal of his suit.
i
Preliminarily, plaintiff argues that defendants have waived the statute of limitations defense by failing to raise the defense no later than their first responsive pleading. MCR 2.111(F), 2.116(C)(7), and 2.116(D)(2).
Geisland v Csutoras,
On the other hand, plaintiff failed to raise his waiver claim below. Rather, he chose to attack the statute of limitations defense on its merits. An issue not рroperly raised or objected to at trial is generally waived on appeal.
Bufford v Brent,
ii
We now turn to the statute of limitations issue proper. Although plaintiff has alleged several bases for his cause of action, his most significant allegation is that defendants’ action constitutes an inverse condemnation. In responsе to this allegation the defendants have established a straw man; they argued below, and on appeal, that plaintiff had no possessory interest in the Lake Huron bottom land and therefore nothing was taken. Insofar as it goes, that is the case. However, plaintiff’s complaint clearly alleges that defendants have encroached on his property, that he has lost frontage property and that defendants *152 have interfered with his littoral оr riparian rights. Defendants do not deny constructing a walkway across plaintiffs property and do not deny construction of harbor facilities fronting plaintiffs property.
The law in Michigan is clear that government interference with riparian rights and encroachment on private shoreland property may be so egregious as to constitute a taking, allowing an aggrieved property owner to maintain an inverse condemnation action:
Riparian rights are property, for the taking or destruction of which by the State compensation must be made, unless the use has a real and substantial relation to a paramount trust purpose. The State cannot impair or defeat riparian rights by a grant of land under water; nor cut off the owner’s access to the water by construction of a highway; nor grant to strangers the right to erect wharves in front of his property; nor erect a bathhouse on the shore to interfere with the right of access. On the contrary, the right of the State to use the bed of the lake, except for the trust purposes, is subordinate to that of the riparian owner. [Hilt v Weber,252 Mich 198 , 225-226;233 NW 159 (1930). Citations omitted.]
See also
Klais v Danowski,
In deciding a motion for summary disposition under MCR 2.116(C)(7), the trial court must accept all well-pled allegations of the nonmoving party as true.
Kircos v Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co,
The key issue is whether plaintiffs fourteen-year-old claim is barred by the statute of limitatiоns. There is no specific statute of limitations which by its terms is applicable. Plaintiff argues that the fifteen-year period set forth for the recovery or possession of land is most analogous in an inverse condemnation action. MCL 600.5801(4); MSA 27A.5801(4). The trial court, concluding that plaintiff had no possessory interest in this dispute, followed the analysis in the Supreme Court case of
Hart v Detroit,
In fact, the Hart Court also stated:
We do not foreclose the possibility that on the proper facts, where a plaintiff retains ownership rights in the property when suit is brought, the analogy to adverse possession may be aрplied. [Hart, 499.]
This is such a case. The Supreme Court noted that the rationale for applying the adverse possession limitation period rested on the owner’s present interest in the property. Hart, 498. Without *154 question plaintiff has a prеsent interest in lake frontage and riparian rights.
Furthermore, this application to inverse condemnation actions of the fifteen-year limitation period found in the adverse possession limitation statute comports with the general rule in this country.
1
See
Hart,
498; see also
Krambeck v City of Gretna,
198 Neb 608;
hi
In ruling on plaintiffs. trespass allegation the trial court concluded that plaintiff had no possessоry interest in the Lake Huron bottom lands. From that conclusion the trial court held that plaintiff could not maintain a trespass action on land he had no possessory interest in and therefore concluded that the fifteen-year statute of limitations was inapplicable. This conclusion stems from the erroneous initial premise alluded to in our discussion of the inverse condemnation issue: *155 namely, that plaintiff is claiming an interest in the bottom land. Again, we emрhasize the language of the complaint which complains of physical encroachment on lake frontage and property and interference with riparian rights.
Every unauthorized entry upon the private proрerty of another constitutes a trespass.
Giddings v Rogalewski,
IV
Plaintiff has also alleged a nuisance cause of action. Plaintiff argues that defendants’ intrusion onto his property and interference with his ripariаn rights constitutes a nuisance. Moreover, he contends that it is a continuing nuisance and thereby avoids the three-year statute of limitations on nuisance actions. MCL 600.5805(8); MSA 27A.5805(8). The trial court summarily dismissed the allegation concluding: "the statutе of limitation applicable to the alternate theories of recovery pled by plaintiff being six years or less, recov
*156
ery under those theories is barred as well.” If a nuisance is of a continuing nature the period of limitations does not begin to run from the date of the first act.
Hodgeson v Genesee Co Drain Comm’r,
Plaintiff has pled that the intrusion in this case is ongoing. We therefore reverse the trial court holding that the period of limitations has run. Parenthetically we note that on remand plaintiff may not be able to sustain the nuisance allegation as a matter of law given the fact that a nuisance claim is predicated upon a dangerous condition.
Rosario v Lansing,
v
Finally, plaintiff has alleged that defendants villagе and port authority failed to comply with the statutory procedural requirements in the transaction of the bottom land, MCL 322.404; MSA 13.704, by failing to notify and advise plaintiff of his rights as a littoral landowner, by failing to provide a proper, surveyed description of the lands and water, by failing to provide the names of interested property owners in its application for a deed, by failing to submit the written consent of all persons having an interest in the land in its application, and by failing to insure that all littoral property owners’ rights were protected. In his statement of damages plaintiff alleges, essentially, that failure to comply has resulted in the taking of his property and riparian rights. Except to conclude that all of plaintiff’s ultimate theories of recovery were barred by a six-year statute of limitations, the trial court did not specifically address this issue. We have already concluded that *157 the fifteen-year stаtute of limitations applies and therefore plaintiff is entitled to maintain his suit. The precise consequences, if any, of failure to comply with the notice requirements may be addressed on remand.
Reversed and remanded.
Notes
. Perhaps the only broаdly recognized general rule that may be extracted [from the cases] is . . . that in the absence of any specifically applicable statute of limitations, directly provided by a statute pertaining to landowners’ actions for compensation for the taking of land for public purposes, or discoverable by a reference made thereto in such a statute, no statute of limitations short of the period to obtain title by adverse possession ... or no statute of limitations at all ... may bar the landowner’s action. [26 ALR4th 68, 73.]