Plaintiff-appellant Dextel Terrebonne (Terrebonne) appeals the district court’s September 13, 2002, November 5, 2002, and December 15, 2005 orders granting the motion of defendant-appellee K-Sea Transportation Corporation (K-Sea) to *274 compel arbitration, denying Terrebonne’s motion for rehearing of that order, and granting K-Sea’s motion to confirm the June 27, 2005 arbitration award and denying Terrebonne’s motion to set aside the September 2002 order to compel. For the following reasons, we affirm.
FACTS AND PROCEEDINGS BELOW
In November 2000, Terrebonne worked for K-Sea as a crew member aboard its tug MARYLAND. On November 3, while the tug was in Bridgeport, Connecticut, Terrebonne overexerted himself when lifting a pump in the tug’s port propeller shaft alleyway. Terrebonne reported the incident on November 28, 2000, complaining of abdominal pain. He was diagnosed with a left inguinal hernia, and underwent hernia repair surgery on December 11, 2000, returning to work on January 26, 2001.
On March 12, 2001, Terrebonne and K-Sea executed in New York a written “Partial Release and Claims Arbitration Agreement.” Pursuant to that agreement, the parties partially settled Terrebonne’s claims arising out of the November 3, 2000 incident for $2,362.56. Specifically, the agreement settled “all rights, claims, liens, remedies or causes of action for any damages that he [Terrebonne] has incurred from 11/03/00 to March 12, 2001.” Terre-bonne reserved the right to seek recovery for “damages that may develop after the date of this agreement that are related to the alleged incident on the Tug MARYLAND on or about 11/3/02,” but agreed to arbitrate any such future claims in New York:
“In further consideration of this partial settlement, Dextel Terrebonne agrees to submit any claims related to the alleged incident on the Tug MARYLAND on 11/3/00, for damages that develop after the date of this agreement, arising under the theory of unseaworthiness, Jones Act, or any other applicable law to arbitration in New York pursuant to the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association (AAA).... The decision of the arbitrators shall be final and binding on the parties and any United States District Court shall have the jurisdiction to enforce this agreement, to enter judgement on the award and to grant any remedy provided by law in respect of the arbitration proceedings.”
According to K-Sea’s uncontradicted affidavits, Terrebonne “reported a recurrence of his prior hernia” on April 26 or 27, 2001 while working on the tug. Terre-bonne continued to work until May 25, 2001 “when he complained that his prior hernia had developed again.” After May 2001, he underwent medical treatment for the reinjury.
On May 1, 2002, Terrebonne instituted this suit against K-Sea in the court below. His complaint “demands trial by jury,” alleges that it is filed “under the Jones Act (46 U.S.C. [§] 688) for negligence, and under the General Admiralty and Maritime Law for unseaworthiness, maintenance, care and wages.” It further asserts that plaintiff was “an employee of Defendant serving as a crew member aboard its vessels,” and that:
“On or about November 3, 2000 Plaintiff was in the course of employment when he was required to engage in awkward positioning and the lifting of heavy weights excessive for a single person when as a result of said unseaworthy condition and failure to provide a safe place to work he was injured and suffered re-injury on or about April 27, 2001 when he was required to move air plane tires in awkward positions resulting in excessive lifting and overexertion because of said failure to provide a safe *275 place to work and unseaworthy condition.”
The complaint next alleges that “Defendant’s tortious acts aforesaid caused or contributed to Plaintiffs damages.” 1 The complaint makes no reference to the March 12, 2001 settlement agreement or the payment pursuant thereto. No amended complaint has been filed or sought to be filed.
K-Sea moved to “stay further proceedings in this matter pending completion of the arbitration” of Terrebonne’s claims pursuant to the March 12, 2001 agreement. Terrebonne opposed the motion, arguing that his April 2001 injury was a separate injury from his prior hernia; that the arbitration agreement was unenforceable under section one of the Federal Arbitration Act (FAA), 9 U.S.C. § 1, because it involves a seaman’s employment contract; that the Jones Act, 46 U.S.C.App. § 688, by virtue of its incorporation of section five of the Federal Employers’ Liability Act (FELA), 45 U.S.C. § 55, voided the agreement; and that the agreement is also void under 46 U.S.CApp. § 183c(a). 2
Over Terrebonne’s objections, the district court granted K-Sea’s motion to compel on September 13, 2002 (the order was entered on September 16, 2002). 3 The court concluded that Terrebonne’s second hernia was a recurrence of the first hernia; that the March 12, 2001 agreement is “clearly separate and independent from Terrebonne’s employment contract”; that Terrebonne’s FELA-based argument was unsupported by case law and further undermined by the fact that the agreement does not exempt K-Sea from liability; and that 46 U.S.C.App. § 183c(a) is inapplicable as it only deals with passenger vessels. On October 11, 2002, Terrebonne filed a “Motion for Rehearing” which the district court denied on November 5, 2002, treating the motion as one under Rule 60(b) and concluding that Terrebonne had not provided any “clarification of issues or new evidence” warranting reconsideration.
Thereafter, Terrebonne, on March 26, 2003, filed suit in Louisiana state court against K-Sea respecting the same matter. K-Sea responded by moving the district court to enjoin prosecution of the state court suit and to require Terrebonne to abide by the court’s orders compelling arbitration. Before the district court ruled, however, Terrebonne agreed to a consent order which the district court approved, signed and entered May 13, 2003. That order recites that Terrebonne and his counsel “agree to dismiss the Louisiana state court action,” “agree to abide by this court’s Order dated September 13, 2002, compelling arbitration of this dispute” and “agree to proceed forthwith with the arbitration before the American Arbitration Association.” The consent order also “dismisses, as moot” K-Sea’s request for injunction.
Arbitration began in New York in June 2003. Terrebonne and K-Sea made vari *276 ous submissions and attended a two-day evidentiary hearing in October 2004, where there were over 200 exhibits and 450 pages of testimony. Following post-hearing submissions, the hearings were declared closed on April 29, 2005, with a deadline of June 28, 2005, for the panel to render its award. The New York Arbitration Panel issued its award on June 27, 2005, denying all of Terrebonne’s claims, but awarding him arbitration costs in the amount of $9,132 to be paid by K-Sea. 4
On August 5, 2005, K-Sea moved to reopen this suit, and to enter judgment confirming the arbitration award and dismissing the lawsuit with prejudice (and to deposit the $9,132 awarded Terrebonne with the court), per 9 U.S.C. § 9. 5 Terre-bonne on August 12, 2005 filed an opposition to K-Sea’s motion 6 and also moved to set aside the district court’s September 2002 order. He argued that enforcing the arbitration award would violate public policy and that the agreement violated section five of the FELA. On December 15, 2005, the district court granted K-Sea’s motion and denied Terrebonne’s request to set aside the September 2002 order because the request “assert[ed] the same arguments that th[e] Court ha[d] taken to be borderline frivolous twice before.” This last order further provides that “plaintiffs claims against the defendant are hereby dismissed, with prejudice.”
Terrebonne timely appealed.
DISCUSSION
The gist of Terrebonne’s arguments on appeal is that the March 2001 arbitration agreement is unenforceable. He secondarily asserts that, if the agreement is enforceable, his “re-injury” falls outside the agreement’s scope. Terrebonne does not contend that the arbitration panel erred. Rather, he attacks the district court’s orders compelling arbitration and confirming the arbitration award; in effect, he argues that his claims should not have been subjected to arbitration in the first place. We disagree, and affirm the district court’s orders, finding the arbitration agreement both enforceable and broad enough for the district court to compel arbitration and allow the arbitrators to determine the agreement’s scope.
I. Jurisdiction and Standards of Review
This court has jurisdiction over the instant appeal by virtue of 28 U.S.C. § 1291 7 *277 and 9 U.S.C. § 16. 8 The parties both assume that the fact that this appeal is from the district court’s December 15, 2005 order confirming the award and dismissing Terrebonne’s suit with prejudice — rather than from the September 2002 order compelling arbitration, staying the action and stating “this case is closed for statistical purposes” — does not of itself preclude Ter-rebonne from challenging the validity of the September 2002 order. 9 We accordingly proceed on that assumption.
We review
de novo
the district court’s ruling on K-Sea’s motion to compel arbitration and stay litigation.
Freuden-sprung v. Offshore Technical Services, Inc.,
*278 II. Terrebonne’s Arguments and Applicable Law
A. Enforceability of the Arbitration Agreement
Terrebonne focuses his appeal almost entirely on the district court’s September 2002 order to arbitrate and the validity or enforceability of the March 2001 arbitration agreement. Specifically, he makes two challenges against the agreement: First, he asserts that the arbitration agreement is subsumed into his employment contract and therefore unenforceable per section one of the FAA, 9 U.S.C. § 1, which excludes “contracts of employment of seamen” from the FAA’s purview. Second, Terrebonne contends that the agreement is void under section five of the FELA, which is applicable here by virtue of the Jones Act, 46 U.S.CApp. § 688. 10 Section Five of the FELA provides in relevant part that “[a]ny contract, rule, regulation, or device whatsoever, the purpose or intent of which shall be to enable any common carrier to exempt itself from any liability created by this chapter, shall to that extent be void.” 45 U.S.C. § 55. We consider each argument in turn below.
1. Section One of the FAA
The FAA “compels judicial enforcement of a wide range of written arbitration agreements.”
Circuit City Stores, Inc. v. Adams,
Section one of the FAA, however, provides that “nothing herein contained shall apply to contracts of employment of seamen, railroad employees, or any other class of workers engaged in foreign or interstate commerce.” 9 U.S.C. § 1. Ter-rebonne argues that this exclusion applies in the instant case because the March 2001 agreement is subsumed into his employment contract. We find this argument unpersuasive.
First, we note that the agreement here only partially settles claims for benefits and damages related to Terrebonne’s November 2000 injury. It does not purport either to employ Terrebonne or to modify Terrebonne’s contract of employment in any way. Thus, on its face, the agreement does not appear to fall within section one’s exception for “contracts of employment of seamen.”
Terrebonne, however, argues that the March 2001 agreement is subsumed into his employment contract because the agreement covers his maintenance and *279 cure claims. Because maintenance and cure are inseparable from a seaman’s employment, he contends, the agreement necessarily constitutes part of his employment contract, such that the agreement falls within section one’s exception. 11
The March 2001 agreement indeed covered Terrebonne’s maintenance and cure claims up to the time that the agreement was entered into. We reject, however, Terrebonne’s assertion that these maintenance and cure claims necessarily implicate his employment contract. Certainly, there is case law using generalized language connecting maintenance and cure to the seaman’s employment contract.
See, e.g., Aguilar v. Standard Oil Co. of N.J.,
“[MJaintenance and cure differs from contractual rights. The Court, in Cortes v. Baltimore Insular Line,287 U.S. 367 , 371,53 S.Ct. 173 ,77 L.Ed. 368 (1932), held that maintenance and cure ‘is imposed by the law itself as one annex to the employment .... Contractual it is [in the] sense that it has its source in a relation which is contractual in origin, but given the relation, no agreement is competent to abrogate the incident.’ ” Wood v. Diamond M Drilling Co.,691 F.2d 1165 , 1170 (5th Cir.1982) (concluding that “recovery of maintenance and cure is not subject to the same mitigation limitations that govern recovery based on ordinary contractual rights”). 12
In other words, maintenance and cure is an essential part of the seaman’s employment
relationship
that cannot be contracted away: “The duty to provide maintenance attaches once the seaman enters the service of the ship and it is ‘a duty that no private agreement is competent to abrogate.’ ”
Baldassaro v. United States,
2. Section Five of the FELA
We also reject Terrebonne’s assertion that because this is a Jones Act case, the arbitration agreement is invalid for the reason that it violates section five of the FELA. “In passing the Jones Act, Congress did not specifically enumerate the rights of seamen, but extended to them the same rights granted to railway employees by FELA.”
Withhart v. Otto Candies, L.L.C.,
For his FELA-based argument, Terre-bonne relies heavily on
Boyd v. Grand Trunk Western R.Co.,
For several reasons, we are not persuaded that Boyd controls here.
To begin with, the venue provisions of section 6 of the FELA — which
Boyd
held protected by FELA section 5 — do not apply to the Jones Act, which has its own venue provision contained in the last sentence of section 688(a) (see note 10,
supra),
and provides for venue in a district where “the defendant employer resides” or “his principal office is located.”
15
Venue of a Jones Act case is hence
not
provided for in section 6, or in any other provision, of the FELA. We directly so held in
Pure Oil Co. v. Suarez,
“However, this argument does not adequately accommodate the well-recognized and eminently logical canon of statutory construction that the specific provisions of a statute control exclusively over the broader and more general provisions of another statute which may *282 relate to the same subject matter in the absence of a clear manifestation to the contrary by the legislature .... [citations omitted]. As one court has stated, ‘The short answer to [appellee’s] argument is that Congress has seen fit to impose different venue requirements in Jones Act cases. To now hold that the venue requirements under the Federal Employers’ Liability Act are controlling would negate the plain language of 46 U.S.C.App. § 688.’ Rodriguez v. United Fruit Co.,236 F.Supp. 680 , 682 (E.D. Va. 1964).” Id.
Having rejected the seaman-appellee’s first argument, we proceeded to consider his second, characterized as “a far more appealing argument,” which was that “the definition of the term ‘residence’ which was added to the general venue statute in 1948, 28 U.S.C.A. § 1391(e), should be read into the Jones Act.”
Id.
at 893.
17
Under the terms of section 1391(c), as added in 1948, “any judicial district in which” a corporation “is incorporated or licensed to do business or is doing business ... shall be regarded as the residence of such corporation for venue purposes.” Agreeing with appellee’s second argument, we held that this definition of a corporate defendant’s residence in section 1391(c) applied to determine the district “in which the” corporate “defendant employer resides” as provided in section 688, and on that basis affirmed the district court’s denial of the motion to transfer.
Id.
at 893-97. In this latter connection we considered and rejected the contention that the Supreme Court’s decision in
Fourco Glass Co. v. Transmirra Prods. Corp.,
The Supreme Court granted certiorari to resolve the issue concerning section 1391(c), section 688, and the
Fourco
case, and ultimately affirmed this court, holding that the section 1391(c) definition of corporate residence applied to determine the district “in which” the corporate “defendant employer resides” as provided in § 688.
Pure Oil Co. v. Suarez,
Because, under our decision in Pure Oil Co., the venue provisions of section 6 of the FELA are inapplicable to Jones Act cases, it necessarily follows that nothing in section 5 of the FELA is applicable to Jones Act venue. Hence, neither Boyd *283 nor section 5 dictate the result here. 19
Boyd
is also to be distinguished because it did not in any way involve the FAA (or, indeed, an agreement to arbitrate). There was no federal statute authorizing or providing for the enforcement of the type of agreement involved in
Boyd.
In
Gilmer v. Interstate/Johnson Lane Corp.,
Terrebonne answers this argument solely by relying on
Wilko v. Swan,
*284 Id. at 184 n. 6. It went on to hold that the arbitration agreement was invalid because
“The words of § 14, ... void any ‘stipulation’ waiving compliance with any ‘provision’ of the Securities Act. This arrangement to arbitrate is a ‘stipulation,’ and we think the right to select the judicial forum is the kind of ‘provision’ that cannot be waived under § 14 of the Securities Act.”
Id. at 186, and that “Congress must have intended § 14 ... to apply to waiver of judicial trial and review.” Id. at 188.
The Wilko Court then continued by stating:
“This accords with Boyd v. Grand Trunk Western R. Co.,.... We there held invalid a stipulation restricting an employee’s choice of venue in an action under the Federal Employers’ Liability Act, 45 U.S.C.A. § 51 et seq. Section 6 of that Act permitted suit in any one of several localities and § 5 forbade a common carrier’s exempting itself from any liability under the Act. Section 5 had been adopted to avoid contracts waiving employers’ liability .... We said the right to select the ‘forum’ ... is a ‘substantial right’ and that the agreement, restricting that choice, would thwart the express purpose of the statute.” Id. (footnotes omitted).
However, over a decade ago the Supreme Court, in
Rodriguez De Quijas v. Shearson/American Express Inc.,
Terrebonne argues in his post-submission brief (see note 21 supra,) that
Rodriguez
is restricted to “business transactions.” That argument, however, is clearly refuted by
Gilmer,
which relied on,
inter alia, Rodriguez,
to enforce under the FAA a pre-dispute arbitration agreement as applied to an individual employee’s claim under the Age Discrimination in Employ
*285
ment Act.
See Gilmer,
In this connection, Terrebonne farther passingly contends, in a most con-clusory fashion, that requiring arbitration of a seaman’s Jones Act claim is contrary to public policy. But, as noted above, the FAA “establishes a federal policy favoring arbitration.”
McMahon,
This comports with our decision in
Freudensprung v. Offshore Technical Services, Inc.,
“... that a ‘pre-injury’ agreement to arbitrate rather than litigate his personal injury claims is ‘inherently unfair’ because he could not have made an informed decision concerning his post-injury remedies before his injury had occurred and before any medical advice was available to him. The difficulty with this argument is that the same *286 could be said of any advance agreement to arbitrate personal injury claims, and it is by now beyond cavil that such agreements are presumptively enforceable. As noted above, Freudensprung and OTSI agreed to arbitrate ‘any dispute’ arising out of the Consultant’s Agreement. It is ‘[o]nly by rigorously enforcing arbitration agreements according to their terms, do we “give effect to the contractual rights and expectations of the parties, without doing violence to the policies behind the FAA.” ’ Ford v. NYLCare Health Plans of Gulf Coast, Inc.,141 F.3d 243 , 248-49 (5th Cir.1998) (quoting Volt Information Sci., Inc. v. Bd. of Trustees of Leland Stanford Junior Univ.,489 U.S. 468 , 479,109 S.Ct. 1248 ,103 L.Ed.2d 488 (1989)).” Id. at 342.
The plain implication is that if the agreement was not contained in a seaman’s contract of employment it would be enforceable under the FAA.
We observe that, beyond vague references to the unfairness of pre-injury arbitration agreements (of seamen and of others) generally and generically, Terre-bonne has never asserted in this case (or urged on this appeal) that the March 12, 2001 agreement here was invalid because it was not (or was not shown to be) sufficiently voluntary, informed and understood on his part, or because the amount paid for damages incurred up until March 12, 2001 was not (or was not shown to be) fair and adequate, or because the agreement was not otherwise sufficiently fair or shown to be so. Terrebonne’s public policy arguments lack merit.
B. Scope of the Arbitration Agreement
In addition to challenging the arbitration agreement’s enforceability, Terrebonne asserts that if the agreement is enforceable, his “re-injury” is separate from his prior hernia and thus outside the agreement’s coverage. We hold that the district court did not err in compelling arbitration or confirming the arbitration award on this basis; the agreement was sufficiently broad for the district court to compel arbitration and allow the arbitration panel to determine its scope.
The agreement clearly states that it encompasses “any claims related” to Terrebonne’s November 2000 injury. Ter-rebonne’s complaint in this action is for damages for
both
his 2000 accident and his April 2001 “re-injury.” Terrebonne has nowhere asserted that he is only or even mainly asking for damages for his reinju-ry. Further, Terrebonne has not explained anywhere how these two are different. Thus, in light of Terrebonne’s complaint — which lumps together the November 2000 and April 2001 injuries — the arbitration agreement was broad enough to be submitted to the arbitrators for determination of whether Terrebonne’s rein-jury fell within the agreement’s scope.
See in re Complaint of Hornbeck Offshore (1981) Corp.,
CONCLUSION
Terrebonne has shown no valid basis on which to reverse the district court’s deci *287 sion to compel arbitration. The district court’s judgment is accordingly
AFFIRMED.
Notes
.Plaintiff's damages are alleged to include: "a. Pain and suffering, past, future; b. Mortification, humiliation, fright shock and embarrassment; c. Loss of earnings and earning capacity; d. Hospital, pharmaceutical and other cure expenses; e. Aggravation of prior condition, if any there be; f. Inability to engage in social, recreational, and other pursuits previously enjoyed; g. mental anguish; h. Found; i. Maintenance, cure, and wages.”
. On appeal, Terrebonne does not argue that the agreement is void under 46 U.S.C.App. § 183c(a), which by its terms applies only to passenger vessels.
. The order concludes by reciting that "the defendant's motion to compel arbitration and stay litigation is GRANTED” and "this case is closed for statistical purposes;” the order does not direct, and K-Sea’s motion did not request, that the suit be dismissed.
. K-Sea then attempted to pay Terrebonne the $9,132, but his attorney informed K-Sea by a July 8, 2005 letter that Terrebonne would not accept the $9,132 as such would be inconsistent with the intention "to contest the viability of enforcement of the arbitration award.”
. 9 U.S.C. § 9, "Award of arbitrators; confirmation; jurisdiction; procedure,” states, in pertinent part:
"If the parties in their agreement have agreed that a judgment of the court shall be entered upon the award made pursuant to the arbitration, and shall specify the court, then at any time within one year after the award is made any party to the arbitration may apply to the court so specified for an order confirming the award, and thereupon the court must grant such an order unless the award is vacated, modified, or corrected .... ”
. Terrebonne opposed K-Sea's motion to confirm the arbitration award and moved to set aside the September 2002 order under FRCP 60(b). The district court considered Terre-bonne’s motion under Rule 60(b)(4) through (6) because these were "the only bases for 60(b) relief when sought more than one year after the challenged order was entered.”
. 28 U.S.C. § 1291 states that "[t]he courts of appeals (other than the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit) shall have jurisdiction of appeals from all final decisions of the district courts of the United States
. Section 16 of the FAA, "Appeals,” states:
"(a) An appeal may be taken from—
(1) an order—
(A) refusing a stay of any action under section 3 of this title,
(B) denying a petition under section 4 of this title to order arbitration to proceed,
(C) denying an application under section 206 of this title to compel arbitration,
(D) confirming or denying confirmation of an award or partial award, or
(E) modifying, correcting, or vacating an award;
(2) an interlocutory order granting, continuing, or modifying an injunction against an arbitration that is subject to this title; or
(3) a final decision with respect to an arbitration that is subject to this title.
(b) Except as otherwise provided in section 1292(b) of title 28, an appeal may not be taken from an interlocutory order — •
(1) granting a stay of any action under section 3 of this title;
(2) directing arbitration to proceed under section 4 of this title;
(3) compelling arbitration under section 206 of this title; or
(4) refusing to enjoin an arbitration that is subject to this title.” 9 U.S.C. § 16 (2000).
. Any such preclusion would not of itself be truly jurisdictional, but would be more in the nature of law of the case, estoppel or res judicata. We do note that where we dismissed for want of jurisdiction an attempted appeal from an order staying litigation pending arbitration because the order was non-final, we stated that it “was not the case” that the appellant then
"... will be left with virtually no remedy, because of the deference afforded an arbitrator's award, if the district court has mistakenly forced it to arbitrate the issue of arbitrability. If the district court confirms the arbitration award, this court will then have jurisdiction to conduct a ‘typical’ review of the district court's decision regarding the scope of the agreement to arbitrate.” F.C. Schaffer & Associates Inc. v. Demech Contractors Ltd.,101 F.3d 40 , 43 (5th Cir. 1996).
See also Jolley v. Paine Webber Jackson & Curtis Inc.,
. 46 U.S.C.App. § 688, the Jones Act, provides in relevant part:
“Any seaman who shall suffer personal injury in the course of his employment may, at his election, maintain an action for damages at law, with the right of trial by jury, and in such action all statutes of the United States modifying or extending the common-law right or remedy in cases of personal injury to railway employees shall apply; and in case of death of any seaman as a result of any such personal injury the personal representative of such seaman may maintain an action for damages at law with the right of trial by jury, and in such action all statutes of the United States conferring or regulating the right of action for death in the case of railway employees shall be applicable. Jurisdiction in such actions shall be under the court of the district in which the defendant employer resides or in which his principal office is located.” 46 U.S.C.App. § 688(a).
. K-Sea argues that Terrebonne did not raise this issue below. Terrebonne replies that his Memorandum in Opposition to Motion to Compel Arbitration and Stay Litigation Pending Arbitration, filed on September 3, 2002, raised the argument. Specifically, Ter-rebonne points to his statement in the memorandum that, "Just at [sic] the right to maintenance and cure is implied in a seaman's employment contract
Aguilar v. Standard Oil Co. of N.J.,
. Since this court’s decision in
Wood,
the Supreme Court has noted that the rule under
Cortes,
that "[u]nder traditional maritime law ... there is no right of survival; a seaman's personal cause of action does not survive the seaman's death,” has been changed "in many instances” by Congress and the States.
Miles v. Apex Marine Corp.,
.
See also, e.g., Williams v. Cigna Financial Advisors Inc.,
. FELA’s section six, "Actions; limitations; concurrent jurisdiction of courts,” 45 U.S.C. § 56, provides, in relevant part:
"Under this chapter an action may be brought in a district court of the United States, in the district of the residence of the defendant, or in which the cause of action arose, or in which the defendant shall be doing business at the time of commencing such action."
. Although this sentence of § 688(a) is written in terms of “jurisdiction,” it has been construed to refer only to venue.
Panama R. Co. v. Johnson,
28 U.S.C. § 1391(c) provides in part that “[f|or purposes of venue under this chapter, a defendant that is a corporation shall be deemed to reside in any judicial district in which it is subject to personal jurisdiction at the time the action is commenced.” That section, as it was enacted in 1948, was held applicable to the Jones Act in
Pure Oil Company v. Suarez,
.Citing FELA § 6, we noted that “[t]he FELA contains much broader venue provisions than those of the Jones Act” and provides that venue is proper in, among other districts, any "where the defendant is ‘doing business' at the time of the commencement of the action.” Id., 892 n. 3.
. We observed that: "Prior to 1948 — and, indeed, at the time Congress enacted the Jones Act in 1920 — ... The residence of a corporation [for venue purposes] was uniformly restricted to the state of its incorporation, even in Jones Act suits.
E.g., Bums v. Matson Nav. Co.,
(S.D.N.Y.1940),
. Nor did the Supreme Court pass on our separate holding (
. Moreover, in
Boyd
the Court specifically distinguished its decision in
Ex parte Collett,
.
Boutte v. Cenac Towing Inc.,
. Appellant’s counsel neglected to note in any of his pre-oral argument briefing that Wilko had been overruled, and only after oral argument, at which the matter was called to his attention, did he, with our permission, file a post-submission brief recognizing that fact.
.
See also, e.g., Circuit City Stores, Inc. v. Adams,
. In Gilmer the Court held ADEA claims subject to a pre-dispute agreement to arbitrate notwithstanding “the recent amendments to the ADEA.” Id. at 1653-54. We note that “the recent amendments” referred to are apparently those of Pub.L. 101-433, Title II, § 201, October 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 983, codified at 29 U.S.C. § 626(f)(1), which provide in part that "the individual does not waive rights or claims that may arise after the date the waiver is executed.” § 626(f)(1)(C).