31 Ga. App. 352 | Ga. Ct. App. | 1923
Mrs. Julia Morton Dewey and Mrs. Cordelia Dewey Knight sued R. R. Denson, as executor of T. R. Denson, deceased, upon a “note” executed by T. R. Denson on March 7, 1921, and maturing on October 7th thereafter, payable to Maryland Life Insurance Company of Baltimore, for $150 principal, besides interest, and indorsed to the plaintiffs, upon which it was alleged that the defendant was “indebted.” The defendant filed an answer, a demurrer to which was overruled. The trial proceeded before the court without a jury, upon an agreed statement of facts, and resulted in a judgment in favor of the defendant. The plaintiffs excepted. The demurrer is not referred to in their brief filed in this court, and is treated as abandoned. The only question for determination is, was the judgment in favor of the defendant authorized under the facts?
Mention of certain facts appearing in the agreed statement logically will precede a specific reference to the answer. On March 7, 1921, T. R. Denson held two policies of insurance, issued upon his. life in favor respectively of the plaintiffs. The premiums were
The insurance company required that the plaintiffs, the beneficiaries, should either pay the note or else allow the $150 therein mentioned to be deducted from the amount of the policy. They elected to pay the note and took a transfer or indorsement in form as follows: “In view of valuable consideration received, pay to Julia Morton Dewey and Mary Cordelia Dewey Knight, without recourse. Maryland Life Ins. Co. of Balto., by Geo. E. Kolb, Treas. & Comptroller.” The defendant, in an amendment to his answer, set up “that the note sued upon is not a liability against the estate of T. E. Denson,” because of the conditions therein contained and because T. E. Denson died before the maturity of the note without
We do not think that the instrument sued on can be accurately referred to as a promissory note. However, for convenience, we will call it a note. It is not an unconditional promise to pay. It amounts in fact to nothing more than an agreement between the insured and the insurer by which the insured, in consideration of having paid the equivalent of $84.62 in money upon the annual premiums, aggregating $234.62, obtained an extension of the life of the policy to October 7, 1921, and the option then of continuing it in force according to its terms upon the payment of the additional sum of $150, representing the balance of the premiums which had accrued upon the previous March 7. It was entirely optional with the insured whether or not he would pay the further sum. If he elected not to pay it, the policy would automatically cease and determine on October 7, the date when the so-called note matured. Of course, the mere payment of the $150 on October 7 would not have kept the policy alive in the future, but it would have prevented its lapse for a failure to pay the premiums which had theretofore accrued. If he did elect to pay, the policy would be continued in force, unaffected by the fact that the payment of these premiums had been delayed; and whether it would lapse would depend upon compliance thereafter with the provisions of the policy. In any event the policy was kept in life by this agreement until October 7. If he had not desired a continuance of the policy beyond that date he was not required to pay the note. Inaction on his part would have been a sufficient election, because it was provided “that if said note is not paid on or before the date it becomes due, it shall thereupon cease to be a claim against the maker.” It appears to be true, as alleged in the answer, that the maker “died before maturity of said note without having paid same, and that he never authorized any one to pay said note for him.”
It should not be forgotten that the insured was not obliged to pay the premiums of $234.62 on March 7, the date of the note. These were required for the year immediately following, and the
While it is true that if the construction of a contract is doubtful, that which goes most strongly against the party executing the instrument or undertaking the obligation is generally to be preferred, and that the law will not construe a contract so as to give the debtor the right to destroy it by a simple refusal to comply with it, unless the terms of the contract are so clear and unambiguous as to make irresistible the conclusion that no other result could possibly be reached and that such was the intention of the parties (Civil Code of 1910, § 4268 (4); Finlay v. Ludden, 105 Ga. 264 (1), 267, 31 S. E. 180), the language of this instrument clearly does not impose any liability or obligation upon the maker. On the contrary, its unambiguous terms could have no other effect than to extend to him a privilege; it does not make him a debtor. The provision thereafter in his will, directing that his executor should pay his debts, could have no reference to this instrument.
A “debt” has been defined to be a sum of money due by a certain and express agreement. A debt in its general sense is a spe
The instrument sued on could not fall within the item of the will above quoted. The word “debt” as therein used should be taken in its ordinary acceptation. “A party making a contract is presumed to intend to bind his executors and administrators, unless it is of such a nature as to call for some personal quality of the testator, or is so worded as plainly to negative such a presumption.” 11 R. C. L. 163, 173. But this contract called' for a personal quality of the testator. It did not create an obligation upon him unless he chose to make it such, and whether the executor might have made the election to pajq it is sufficient to say that he has declined such election.
The paper, without more, could not have been enforced in the hands of the insurer, and, the conditions being written in its face, it does not become stronger in the hands of the plaintiffs. The court does not rule that the policy did not create a liability against the insured for all premiums as they matured. That question is not involved, for the reason that the only obligation sought to be enforced is alleged to inhere in the note.
The court did not err in rendering a judgment in favor of the defendant.
Judgment affirmed.