Rеlators, dependents of Otis D. Ondler, challenge the constitutionality of Minn.Stat. ch. 352E (1978) on the ground that the legislature, by excluding heart attack victims from the group of peace officers entitled to the stаtutory award, created an arbitrary and unreasonable classification which denies them the equal protection of the law. The Workers’ Compensation Court of Appeals, lacking jurisdiction to determine the constitutional issue, denied benefits solely on the basis of the statutory exclusion. 1 We reverse.
Otis D. Ondler, a fireman employed by the Rochester Fire Department on January 23,1976, died of a heart attack while fighting a fire. The city recognized its liability to pay workers’ compensation dependency benefits to Ondler’s widow. The uncontra-dicted opinion of Dr. Paul Beleu, Olmsted County Deputy Coroner, was that there was a causal relationship between the physical and psychic stress Ondler underwent in the firefighting and his death. Relators, On-dler’s widow and daughter, also sought payment of a $50,000 award from the state, рursuant to Minn.Stat. ch. 352E (1978). 2
*488 The Rochester Fire Department chief sent the governor notice of Ondler’s death on February 4, 1976. The governor forwarded this information to the then Workers’ Compensation Board. On February 19, 1976, the Board issued an order denying the claim, pursuant to § 352E.04(e). 3 The Workers’ Compensation Court of Appeals thereafter accorded relators an evidentiary hearing. At the hearing, Dr. Beleu tеstified that Ondler had a “perfectionist” type of personality and that his personality, the psychic stress he had undergone when the brakes on his firetruck had failed to work on the way to the fire, and his strenuous physical exertion in dragging a firehose had been circumstances which together had precipitated a cardiac arrhythmia which had been the immediate cause of his death. Dr. Beleu аlso testified that the same factors could trigger acute respiratory insufficiency, such as an acute asthma attack, and several types of strokes, including aneurysms, in persons susceptible to such occurrences. He agreed that the ventricular fibrillation which killed Ondler was considered medically to be a heart attack.
Following the hearing, the court of appeals made findings that Ondler had sustained a personal injury arising out of and in the course of his employment as a fireman, that death by heart attack was specifically excluded from coverage pursuant to § 352E.04(e), аnd that the court did not have jurisdiction to determine the constitutionality of that provision. Accordingly, it held relators not entitled to benefits from the peace officers benefit fund. They sought review.
The sole question on appeal is whether a rational basis exists for excluding peace officers who are killed by heart attacks while in the line of duty from the additional Workers’ Compensation benefits of the peace officers benefit fund award of $50,-000 under Minn.Stat. ch. 352E (1978) when the $50,000 award is made to peace officers who are killed in any other way in the line of duty. 4
The chapter at issue here, first enacted in 1973, provides a payment by the state of $50,000 to the spouse and dependents of a peace officer killed in the line of duty. “Peace officer” includes a firefighter emplоyed on a full-time basis by a fire department, who is engaged in the hazards of firefighting. Minn.Stat. § 352E.01, subd. 2(g) (1978). Section 352E.02 of the statute creates an account in the state treasury, the peace officers benefit fund. Sеction 352E.03 provides that eligibility to receive benefits provided by the chapter shall be determined by the Workers’ Compensation Court of Appeals “in the manner provided by [Minn.Stat. 1971] chapter 176” and fоr review by this court of that determination. Section 352E.04 provides benefits to all peace officers killed in the line of duty, except those who die as a result of a heart attack.
Relators’ challenge to the statute is two-pronged. First, they argue that “killed in the line of duty” was not used to require that the death be the result of the application of external violence or accident, but wаs used more broadly to include a death occurring while the peace officer was in the line of duty. Relators contend that in common understanding people are “killed” by strokes, acute respiratory disorders, aneurysms, and heart attacks. Other courts have interpreted similar language with this liberality.
Vernon v. Firemen’s Pension
*489
Fund,
Second, relators argue that, after granting an additional Workers’ Compensation benefit of $50,000 to peace officers killed in the line of duty, the legislature denied the additional award to peace officers who are killed by heart attacks, without grounds for the discrimination. The U.S. Supreme Cоurt has frequently expressed the principles which govern equal protection analysis of legislative enactments. The Constitution does not deny the states the power to treat different classes of persons in different ways. However, the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment does deny to states “the power to legislate that different treatment be accorded to persons placed by a statute into different classes on the basis of criteria wholly unrelated to the objective of that statute.”
Eisenstadt
v.
Baird,
In
Schwartz v. Talmo,
«* * * rule is that legislative classification will be held to be constitutionally valid if—
(1) the classification uniformly, without discrimination applies to and embraces all who are similarly situated with respect to conditions or wants justifying appropriate legislation;
(2) the distinctions which separate those who are included within the classifications from those who are excluded are not manifestly arbitrary or fanciful, but are genuine and substantial so as to provide a natural and reasonable basis in the necessity or circumstances of the members of the classification to justify different legislation adaрted to their peculiar conditions and needs; and
(3) the classification is germane or relevant to the purpose of the law; that is, there must be an evident connection between the distinctivе needs peculiar to the class and. the remedy or regulations therefor which the law purports to provide.”
295 Minn, at 362,
We are not persuaded that the classification under attack here satisfiеs these criteria. Medical testimony in this case indicated that the same stresses which triggered Ondler’s heart attack could have caused respiratory failure, such as an acute asthma attack, and several types of strokes, including aneurysms, in persons susceptible to such occurrences. Had Ondler’s death resulted from any of these other causes, however, he would have been еntitled to the benefits. We fail to see any reason to distinguish between heart attack victims and victims of the same stresses who die in other ways. Furthermore, such a distinction subverts the purpose of the statute, which was to provide additional benefits to dependents of peace officers because of the unusual risks they face in their work.
The state argues that this case is governed by the holding in Schwartz v. Talmo, supra, where a clause making suicide victims ineligible for workers’ compensation benefits was upheld against an equal protection challenge. In Schwartz, however, this court was called upon to review the legislature’s decision to exclude suicide vie- *490 tims from workers’ compensation death benefits of any kind. 5 Here, the legislature has already permitted recovery of death benefits by Otis Ondler’s dependents. The only question before us is whether the classificatiоn excluding heart attack victims from the workers who will receive the additional death benefit has a rational basis. We hold that it does not. The classification, lacking a rational basis, denies equаl protection under the Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution and Article I, Section 2 of the Minnesota Constitution.
Reversed.
Notes
. Adjudication of the constitutionality of legislative enactments has generally been thought beyond the jurisdiction of administrative agencies.
Johnson v. Robison,
. Minn.Stat. § 352E.04 provides:
*488 Upon certification to the governor by the administrator of any state or governmental subdivision employing peace officers that a peace officer employed by that state or governmental subdivision within this state has been killed in the line of duty, leaving а spouse or one or more eligible dependents, the commissioner of finance shall, subject to the approval of the workers’ compensation court of appeals, pаy $50,000 [to the peace officer’s dependents] * * *.
. Section 352E.04(e) provides:
* * * For the purpose of sections 352E.01 to 352E.05, killed in the line of duty shall not include any peace officer who dies as a result of a heart attaсk. (Emphasis added.)
. The peace officers benefit fund is administered by the Workers’ Compensation Court of Appeals. Minn.Stat. ch. 352E.03 (1978).
. Three months after our decision in Schwartz, the legislature amended Minn.Stat. § 176.021, subd. 1, striking out the language excluding suicide victims from compensation, which Schwartz enforced. Minn. Laws 1973, ch. 623.