27 Colo. 313 | Colo. | 1900
delivered the opinion of the court.
. At the station of Colorado Springs appellant maintains several parallel tracks. At the time deceased received the injuries resulting in his death, one of these tracks adjacent to the station proper was occupied by a Rock Island train, which was “ cut ” to allow access to trains arriving- on tracks beyond. Employés of appellant left a truck, used for handling baggage, between the track occupied by the Rock Island train and the one next beyond, so situate, it is claimed, that trains upon each of the tracks between which it was placed would clear it. When these tracks were each occupied by trains, the space between the sides of the cars would be five feet, eight inches in width. The width of the truck was such, that if placed equidistant between the two tracks, it would clear the trains upon each by one foot and seven inches. The space between these tracks where the truck was placed, was used by appellant to receive and discharge passengers. The deceased went upon this space for the purpose of meeting his daughter-in-law, whom he expected upon one of appellant’s trains, which arrived over the track next to the truck, and next to the one upon which the Rock Island train was standing. He was moving up and down this space in the near vicinity of the truck, when the expected train arrived. The engine, baggage and smoking cars cleared the truck, but for some unexplainable cause, other than the inference that it must have been moved by some one, the next, though no wider than those that had passed, did not, but hurled it against deceased, inflicting injuries from which
The first question presented is, was the placing of the truck between the tracks in the limited space provided, and in the immediate vicinity of where the trains of appellant received and discharged passengers, negligence? Although originally so placed that a moving train upon either track next to which it stood would clear it, yet its construction was such that it could be easily veered, when its position would be such that it would come in contact with a moving train. This would result in danger to those within that space in line with the direction the truck would be impelled by contact with a moving train. From these facts and circumstances, the jury concluded that appellant was guilty of negligence.
When the question of negligence is dependent upon inferences to be drawn from acts and circumstances of that character that different intelligent minds may honestly reach different conclusions on the question, it is for the jury to determine, under appropriate instructions, whether or not negligence has been established. Lord v. Pueblo S. & R. Co., 12 Colo. 390; 2 Thompson on Negligence, 1236; Colo. Cen. R. Co. v. Martin, 7 Colo. 592; Sherman & Redfield on Negligence, § 11; Empson Packing Co. v. Vaughn, ante, p. 66.
Under this rule, the evidence is clearly sufficient to support the conclusion of the jury, that placing the truck between the tracks was negligence on the part of appellant.
The next question presented is, whether or not deceased was guilty of negligence but for which the accident would
It is urged by counsel that as deceased must have seen the truck, he should have comprehended the situation, realized the danger to which he was exposed, could have avoided it, and having failed to do so, such failure was contributory negligence upon his part, which caused the accident. When, on the question of contributory negligence, the facts and circumstances are such that different minds may honestly draw different conclusions therefrom, on this subject, it is within the province of the jury to determine that question. K. P. R. Co. v. Twombley, 3 Colo. 125; Lord v. Pueblo, S. & R. Co., supra; Moffatt v. Tenney, 17 Colo. 189; Denver T. Co. v. Reid, 22 Colo. 349.
While, on the other hand, if the undisputed facts are such that the inference of contributory negligence is the only conclusion which can be logically deduced, the question is one of law for the court. For the purpose of ascertaining whether or not, on the established facts, deceased was so clearly guilty of negligence that this question is one of law alone, or whether from the evidence, it was for the jury to determine, as a matter of fact, it is only necessary to refer briefly to the evidence and the acts of the employés of appellant. If the presence of the truek in the position it was, should have at once suggested to the mind of an ordinarily prudent person
Errors are assigned and argued, based upon the giving and refusal of certain instructions. From the views expressed on the two questions of negligence already considered, it is apparent that appellant cannot complain of either the instruc
For the purpose of explaining the presence of the deceased at the place where he received the injury resulting in his death, evidence was admitted over the objection of appellant, to prove that he had gone there for the purpose of meeting his daughter-in-law, who was expected to arrive from Denver. In the former opinion in this case, it was held that a conversation between the deceased and his daughter-in-law, from which it appeared that he had arranged to meet her, was admissible as part of the res gestae, to explain his purpose in being at the place where he was injured. That ruling is, therefore, the law of the case on this subject and cannot be disturbed; but counsel for appellant contend that the declarations of third persons cannot be received for the purpose of proving this arrangement. From an examination of the evidence, it does not appear that the declarations of third persons were admitted. The witness who testified on this subject only purported to give what he remembered and understood was the conversation which took place between the daughter-in-law and deceased, with respect to her request that he should meet her at Colorado Springs on the arrival of the train from Denver, to which he assented.
The final question relates to the amount of damages assessed by the jury. The verdict was in the sum of $4,000, which appellant contends is excessive. The right of appellees to maintain this action is purely statutory; it did not exist at common law. The damages which they are entitled to recover must be limited to those of a compensatory character, in other words, to such pecuniary damages as they have sustained by reason of the death of their father. As aptly stated by the late Justice Elliott, in Pierce v. Conners, 20 Colo. 178:
“ The true measure of compensatory relief in an action of this kind, under the act of 1877, is a sum equal to the net pecuniary benefit which plaintiff might reasonably have expected to receive from the deceased, in case his life had not*320 been terminated by the wrongful act, neglect, or default of defendant; * * * but it must be borne in mind that the recovery allowable is in no sense a solatium for the grief of the living, occasioned by the death of the relative or friend, however dear. It is only for the pecuniary loss resulting to the living party entitled to sue, resulting from the death of the deceased, that the statute affords compensation. This may seem cold and mercenary, but it is unquestionably the law.”
At the time of his death his wife was living, and survived him about two years. The appellees were in no manner dependentupon him for support. The mere relationship between them and deceased cannot be made the basis of a recovery in this case, however much they may have grieved over his untimely death. Therefore, as stated in the former opinion in this case, “ the pecuniary loss, if any, that resulted to them, by reason of the death, was in being deprived of their share of the money that he might accumulate during his expectancy of life.” Or, under the evidence, their recovery must be limited to the sum which the father, by his personal exertions, less his necessary personal expenses, and those of his wife during her life, would have added to his estate, and which would have descended to the appellees as his heirs at law. The court so instructed the jury. Was this instruction followed ? At the time of his death deceased was upwards of sixty-eight years of age; his expectancy of life was about nine and one half years. There is testimony to the effect that at the time of his death his annual income, arising from his personal exertions, after deducting his personal expenses, equalled the sum of about $1,000 per annum, although the evidence is not entirely satisfactory upon this point, for the reason that the witness testifying on this subject was not certain that he was fully advised regarding the personal expenditures of the father. The money earned by deceased from this source consisted of á salary of $1,500 per annum as an employé of a bank, and about $500 more per annum, earned as a conveyancer and notary, in connection with his bank duties. He had considerable income from investments, but this cannot
Except for the statute, appellees could not maintain this action. Its provisions are beneficent, but limited. In no case under it can damages exceed the sum of $5,000. Taking into consideration the evidence upon which the award of damages is based in this case, the contingencies to which we have directed attention, the improbability that deceased, dur
Reversed and remanded.