The appellant has filed a motion for rehearing, and supports it with a very earnest and, in some respects, very plausible argument.
He insists that the facts bring this ease within the rule laid down in
Franco
v.
Vakares,
We held in that case that the issue of contributory negligence was a question of fact to be determined by the jury. We held that the defense of drunkenness, under the facts, wаs absolute, upon two grounds: (1) That the deceased had furnished to defendant the liquor which made him drunk, and in so doing, by his own independent act, had caused his own death, for which there could be no recovery from defend *512 ant; (2) that they were engaged in a joint enterprise or venture, in whiсh each was a principal, charged with the negligence of the other.
The facts distinguish thе cases from each other, and, of course, are governed by different principlеs of law.
The appellant makes the further point “that it is the inherent power and duty of the court of appeals to correct the error of the trial court.” We think the power to revise judgments of trial courts is perhaps more constitutional and statutory than inherent, but, whаtever the source, it must be admitted the duty is imposed on the appellate court to сorrect prejudicial errors of inferior courts and tribunals if the law commands or authorizеs it.
The error of the trial court of which complaint is made was its refusal to grant a motion for a new trial on the ground that the jury ignored the court’s instructions. Under the facts and the instructions, plаintiff was unquestionably guilty of contributory negligence, and, if the jury had observed the instructions, the verdict would have been in favor of appellant. The duty of the court in any kind of case, except for negligence, is to grant a new trial when the jury ignores the instructions. But, when the issue is contributory nеgligence or assumed risk, the Constitution (§ 5, art. 18) places the power and duty of deciding the matter in the jury. We think this constitutional provision circumscribes and limits the powers and likewise the duty of this cоurt. The jury, and not the court, must decide whether plaintiff was guilty of contributory negligence. It is the duty of thе court to advise the jury of the law applicable to the facts, and, if there is evidence showing, or tending to show, plaintiff guilty of contributory negligence, instruct as to its effect, if established, on plaintiff’s case. But the jury is the depository of the power finally to determine the question.
*513 The cases cited by appellant in his splendid brief on this motion are good law, bnt they arе mostly from states other than Oklahoma and Arizona, whose Constitutions are alike, and whose decisions (cited in our opinion) are controlling.
When the issue is one of contributory negligence, the court cannot direct a verdict; that is, if the evidence in any state of the cаse shows, or tends to show, that the accident was due to the concurring negligence of the plaintiff and defendant, plainly 'the duty of the court, under our Constitution, is to submit the question to the jury. As we said in
McIver
v.
Allen,
“The jury is the sole judge of the sufficiency of such evidence to show contributory negligence, .much the same as it determines both law and facts in a case of criminal libel, and the cоurt’s only duty is 'to decide the preliminary question, whether the plaintiff’s evidence fairly presents it, аnd, in case it does, submit it by proper instructions.”
The comparison of the duty of the jury in tort casеs, where the issue is contributory negligence of the plaintiff, with the duty of such body in criminal libel cases, is very apt. Mr. Justice HOLMES, in his opinion in
Chicago, R. I. & P. R. Co.
v.
Cole,
.“As it (state) may confer legislative and judicial powers upon a commission not known to the common law, Prentis v. Atlantic Coast Line Co., 211U. S. 210,53 L. Ed. 150 , 29 Sup. Ct. Rep. 67, it may confer larger powers upon a jury than those that generally prevail. Provisions making the jury judges of the law as well as of the facts in proceedings for libel are common to England and some of the States, and the controversy with regard to their powers in matters of law more gеnerally as illustrated in Sparf v. United States,156 U. S. 51 , 715,39 L. Ed. 343 , 15 Sup. Ct. Rep. 273, and *514 Georgia v. Brailsford,3 Dall. 1 , 4,1 L. Ed. 483 , 484 [see, also, Rose’s U. S. Notes], shoivs that the notion is not a novelty. In the prеsent instance the plaintiff in error cannot complain that its chance to prevail upon a certain ground is diminished when the ground might have been altogether removed.”
The motion will have to be denied.
McALISTER, O. J., and. LOCKWOOD, J., concur.