DEMOS P. DEMOPOULOS, AS TRUSTEE AND FIDUCIARY OF THE LOCAL 553 PENSION FUND, LOCAL 553 DEFERRED COMPENSATION FUND AND LOCAL 553 BENEFITS FUND, VICTOR CASTELLANO, AS TRUSTEE AND FIDUCIARY OF THE LOCAL 553 PENSION FUND, LOCAL 553 DEFERRED COMPENSATION FUND AND LOCAL 553 BENEFITS FUND, STEVEN GOLDMAN, AS TRUSTEE AND FIDUCIARY OF THE LOCAL 553 PENSION FUND, LOCAL 553 DEFERRED COMPENSATION FUND AND LOCAL 553 BENEFITS FUND, VINCENT THEURER, AS TRUSTEE AND FIDUCIARY OF THE LOCAL 553 PENSION FUND, LOCAL 553 DEFERRED COMPENSATION FUND AND LOCAL 553 BENEFITS FUND, JEFF HAMMOND, AS TRUSTEE AND FIDUCIARY OF THE LOCAL 553 PENSION FUND, LOCAL 553 DEFERRED COMPENSATION FUND AND LOCAL 553 BENEFITS FUND, Plаintiffs-Appellees, v. UNITED METRO ENERGY CORP. AKA UNITED APOLLO PETROLEUM TRANSPORTATION CORP., AKA UNITED APOLLO TRANSPORTATION CORP., UNITED APOLLO PETROLEUM TRANSPORTATION CORP., UNITED APOLLO TRANSPORTATION CORP., Defendants-Appellants.
No. 24-1684-cv
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
March 21, 2025
GUIDO CALABRESI, RAYMOND J. LOHIER, JR., ALISON J. NATHAN, Circuit Judges.
RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY
At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at the Thurgood Marshall United Stаtes Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York, on the 21st day of March, two thousand twenty-five.
FOR APPELLANTS: DAVID M. PIXLEY, Jackson Lewis P.C., Cleveland, OH (Robert R. Perry, Jackson Lewis P.C., New York, NY, on the brief)
Appeal from an order of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York (Frederic Block, Judge).
UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that the order of the District Court is AFFIRMED.
Defendants United Metro Energy Corp., United Apollo Petroleum Transportation Corp., and United Apollo Transportation Corp. (colleсtively, “United“) appeal from a May 23, 2024 final order of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York (Block, J.) granting summary judgment in favor of the Trustees and Fiduciaries оf the Local 553 Pension Fund, Local 553 Deferred Compensation Fund, and Local 553 Benefits Fund (collectively, the “Funds“), and also granting an injunction directing the Defendants to рermit and cooperate in an audit of their books and records for the
BACKGROUND
The following facts are undisputed. In March 2013 United acquired two heating oil transportation companies, Apollo Petroleum Transportation, Inc. (“Apollo 1“) and Apollo Petroleum Trаnsportation, LLC (“Apollo 2“), both of which employed members of Local 553 of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters (the “Union“). Apollo 1‘s and Apollo 2‘s uniоnized employees previously were covered under two multiemployer collective bargaining agreements (“CBAs“), including one referred to as the “Master Contract,” which obligated signatory employers to contribute to the Funds for covered work done by employees involved in “retail” oil deliveries. During the relevant period, the Union negotiated a Master Contract with employers for three-year terms, resulting in a 2010-2013 Master Contract, a 2013-2016 Master Contract, and a 2016-2019 Master Contraсt.
After acquiring the Apollos, United voluntarily recognized the Union and signed another CBA, called the 2013-2017 Bulk Contract, which covered work done by employees involved in “bulk” oil deliveries but did not require United
In 2017, abоut two years after Senatore retired and United stopped making contributions to the Funds, United and the Union entered into a Memorandum of Agreement (“MOA“). The MOA provided that United would adopt the 2016-2019 Master Contract as of March 1, 2017, to “initially cover five (5) drivers performing retail delivery work who shall be chosen by seniority from the current bulk seniority list.” App‘x 342.
The 2010-13, 2013-2016, and 2016-2019 Master Contracts all required signatory employers to submit to audits and provide payment records to an accounting firm hired by the Funds. United complied for audit years 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2017. The Funds initiated this suit only after United rejected a request for full access to its records as part of an audit for 2018.
We review de novo the District Court‘s decision to grant summаry judgment in favor of the Funds and draw all permissible factual inferences in favor of United as the nonmoving party. Garcia v. Heath, 74 F.4th 44, 47-48 (2d Cir. 2023). We will affirm a grant of summary judgment if there is “no genuine dispute as tо any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.”
I. Intent to Be Bound
An entity does not need to sign a CBA to be bound by its terms; it can instead adopt the terms of a CBA by its conduct. See Brown v. C. Volante Corp., 194 F.3d 351, 355-56 (2d Cir. 1999). We consider a number of factors to determine an employer‘s intent to adopt an unsigned CBA through its conduct, including whether the employer contributed to the funds on behalf of employees, filed remittance reports, remitted union dues, submitted to audits, and paid wages and benefits commensurate with the CBA‘s requiremеnts. See id. at 354-56; Baskin v. Hawley, 807 F.2d 1120, 1129 (2d Cir. 1986).
The undisputed record evidence shows that United engaged in conduct demonstrating that it had adopted the 2010-2013 and 2013-2016 Master
United responds that its conduct did not manifest an intent to adopt the 2010-2013 and 2013-2016 Master Contracts, pointing out that while it expressly аdopted the 2013-2017 Bulk Contract, which covered “all Drivers,” App‘x 331, it treated only a “select number of specified employees” in a manner consistent with the terms оf the 2010-2013 and 2013-2016 Master Contracts, Appellants’ Br. 22; see also App‘x 1347. But the Master Contract covers only employees who are involved in retail deliveries, and United points to no record evidence that it was aware of any other employees who were involved in retail deliveries but not treated as covered under the Master Contract. Thus, the record does not support an inference that United acted inconsistently with the terms of the Master Contracts so as to crеate a genuine dispute as to whether United adopted the contracts for all covered work.
The fact that the Funds’ audits “consistently found that [United‘s] obligation to make contributions to the Funds were limited” to Spaight, Galasso,
United also contends that the testimony of Demos Demopoulos, a trustee of the Funds and a Union negotiator, that United was “trying to get away from the Master Contract” and was “evading the terms of the Master Contract,” App‘x 175, 180, supports United‘s disclaimer of the Master Contract. We disagree. To the contrary, Demopoulos‘s testimony supports the Funds’ position that United adopted and subsequently breached the 2013-2016 Master Contract. Moreover, this case is not like Moglia v. Geoghegan, 403 F.2d 110 (2d Cir. 1968), on which United relies. There the employer “did not appear to be willing to accept the[] terms [of the CBA] at any time,” id. at 118. Here, by contrast, it is undisputed
For these reasons, we conclude that the District Court properly granted summary judgment in favor of the Funds.
II. Relief
United contends that because it is not an “Employer” within the terms of the Trust Agreements, it is not bound tо submit to an audit. This argument is foreclosed by our conclusion that United adopted the Master Contracts, which incorporate the Trust Agreements by reference. App‘x 442, 463. United separately argues that, even assuming it adopted the 2010-2013 and 2013-2016 Master Contracts through its conduct, the District Court erred in issuing an injunction requiring it to submit to an audit for the period from March 1, 2013 through December 31, 2018. United contends that the audit exceeds the scope of the trustees’ authority under the Master Contracts, which United interprеts as entitling it to “demand and receive” the 2013-17 Bulk Contract for retail delivery work and to thereby avoid the audit. Appellants’ Br. at 34 (quoting App‘x 432,
CONCLUSION
We have considered United‘s remaining arguments and conclude that they are without merit. For the foregoing reasons, the order of the District Court is AFFIRMED.
FOR THE COURT:
Catherine O‘Hagan Wolfe, Clerk of Court