delivered the opinion of the court.
Evan Panyskosld, on May 27, 1920, shot and killed Mary Demczuk, at Turner’s Station, in Baltimore County. After-wards and before this suit, he died and letters of administration upon hisi estate were in due course issued to TI. Courtenay Jenifer, the appellee.
Thereafter John Dеmczuk, the surviving husband of M ary Demczuk, brought this action against the administrator for damages resulting to him from, the loss of her services, as a result of her death through the wrongful act of the decedent. The declaration filed in the case is in the following fоrm, that is to say:
“John Demczuk, by Milton Dashiell and J. Booker Olift, his attorneys, sues H. Courtenay Jenifer, administrator of the estate of John Panyskosld, deceased:
“Por that the said Evan Panyskosld, deceased, did on or about the 27th day of May, 1920, assault and beаt and with a revolver did shoot and kill at or near Turner Station, Baltimore County, State of Maryland, Mary Demczuk, the wife of John Demczuk, the plain-1 iff, and that the said John Demczuk was thereby deprived of the society, comfort and services of his said wife, Mary Demczuk, by the wrongful acts of the said Evan Panyskosld, deceased, wherefore this suit is brought, and the plaintiff claims $5,000.00 damages.”
The court sustained a demurrer interposed by the defendant to this declaration, and the plaintiff having declined to amend, judgment was entered for the defendant. This appeal is taken from that, judgment.
*490 The only question presented hy the record is whether, the liability of a person, who by his wrongful act, has caused the death of another, survives the death of the tort feasor, when it has not been prosecuted to a judgment during hisi life, and can be enforced against his personal representatives or estate by one who was entitled to the services of the person so killed.
The maxim
actio personalis moritur cum persona
is. generally applicable to actions in form
ex delicio
and “the general rule of the common law was that if an injury were done either to the person or to the property of another for which unliquidated damages only could be recovered in satisfaction, the action died with the person to whom or by whom the wrong wаs done.” Broom,
Legal Maxims
(8th Ed.), 702. This rule of the common law is in force in this State, except in so far as it has been changed or modified by statute. 1
Poe, Pl. &. Pr.,
par. 593;
Ott
v.
Kaufman,
Section 25, Article 75, Code Pub. Gen. Laws; provides, that “no action of ejectment, waste, partition, dower, replevin or any personal action * * * shall abate by the death of either or any of the parties to such action * * *. This not to apply to actions for injuries to the person where the defendant dies * *
Section 104, Article 93, Ibid, provides that executors and administrators “shall be liable to. be sued in any court of law or equity in any action (except for slander and injuries to the person) which might have been maintained against the deceased.” It excludes from the definition of the phrase “injury done to the person” actions for arrest, false imprison *491 ment,- violation of the twenty-third, twenty-sixth, thirty-first and thirty-second articles of the Bill of Rights.
Article 67, Sections 1 and 2, confers upon certain relatives of a person, whose death has been caused by the wrongful act, neglect or default of another, under cirсumstances which would have entitled the deceased person, had he survived, to have maintained an action for the injury, the right to an action in the name of the State against the tort feasor.
In our opinion the right of the plaintiff to maintain this suit cannоt be sustained under any of these statutes.
By their terms, Sections 25, Article 75, Code Pub. Gen. Laws, and Section 104, Article 93, Hid., do- no-t ap-ply to action for “injuries to the person.” The alleged cause of action in this case is the- husband’s loss of his wife’s serviсes as a result of her death through the. wrongful act o-f another, and the question presented therefore is whether that is an action for “injuries) to- the person,” within the meaning of the statutes referred to-. There is nothing in the language of eithеr’ statute to indicate that the expression “injuries) to the person” was intended to be limited to injuries to the plaintiff, or indeed to any particular person or class of persons, but on the contrary it was apparently used to definе and characterize the class of actions excluded from the operation of the statutes. Used in that sense an action for “injuries to the person” naturally means any injury causing actual physical pain, discomfort or disability to any person, which occasions loss) or damage either to such person or to any other person entitled to the benefit of the services of the injured person.
While the loss of the wife’s- services), for which compensatiоn is sought in this ease, did not result from any personal injury to the plaintiff, it did result from a. personal injury to the wife and this- is therefore “an action for injuries, to. the person,” and is excluded from the operation of the statutes under consideration.
This view is illustrated by the case of
Mulvey
v. Boston,
Neither can the declaration in this case be sustained unde-r the pro-visions of Article 67, Code Pub-. Gen. Laws. It is neither brought in the manner prescribed by that statute, nor do the facts alleged in the declaration constitute a valid cause of action within the scope of its- provisions. That statute requires that any action instituted under the authority contained in it shall be brought in the name of the State for the use *493 of cеrtain classes of persons designated in it, while this action is brought by the husband alone. But aside from that consideration it is apparent that the facts alleged in the declaration. confer no right of action upon the plaintiff against thе defendant under the terms of that statute.
In its first section it provides that: “Whenever the death of a person shall he caused by wrongful act, neglect or default, and the act, neglect or default is such as would (if death had not ensued) have entitled the party injured to maintain an action and recover damages in respect thereof, the person who would have been liable if death had not ensued shall be liable to an action for damages, notwithstanding! the death of the persоn injured.” Now the language just quoted creates a cause of action against “the person who would have been liable if death had not ensued,” but it does not directly or by implication create a cause of action against the persоnal representatives of the estate of such person in the event of hisi death prior to the recovery of a judgment against him on account of his tort, and as the statute creates a new cause of action and being in dеrogation of the common law is to be strictly construed, no action can be brought under it unless express authority therefor can he found in its provisions.
It is said in 17
C. J.
1233, under the caption “Death of Wrongdoer”: “Many survival statutes modifying the common law and аuthorizing the survival of causes of action have been held not applicable to the statutory action for death by wrongful act, which accordingly abates on the death of the wrongdoer, and cannot he maintained or revived against his. executors or administrators.” And in
Carrigan
v.
Cole,
35 R I. 162, the Supreme Court of Rhode Island, in discussing a similar statute, said: “Under the common law no action for damages by reason of death by wrongful act could be maintained. Lord Campbell’s Act, from which our statute before referred to1 is derived, provided a new and independent remedy for the loss sustained by the widow and children on
*494
account of the death, of the person upon whom they were dependent. Lord Oampbell’si Act, as well asi our statute which is taken therefrom, being in derogation of the common law, only confers upon parties and courts such privileges and powers as may he consistent with a strict construction of the terms and language employed. It is not, perhaps, necessary, considering the frequent discussion of this subject and the well-settled rule regarding the construction of statutes which are in derogation of the common law, to repeat here the familiar arguments upon that subject. From an examination of the language above quoted from section 14, Ch. 283, we are unable to> discover any intent to confer upon a plaintiff, under the circumstances of the present case, the privilege of pursuing the estаte of the wrongdoer through an action commenced, subsequent to bis decease, against bis administrator. The language of the statute quoted seems to limit the proceeding to 'the person who * *'* would have been liable if the death of the plaintiff’s intestate had not ensued.’ There is no provision indicating or language which might he construed or from which it might he implied that it was the intent of the statute to provide any remedy against the personal representatives or thе estate of a deceased wrongdoer.” And in
Devine
v.
Healy,
To the same effect are
Clark
v.
Goodwin
Since these statutes to which-we have first referred modifying the common law rule do not affect actions for personal injuries, and do not therefore, in any manner affect or modify the provisions of Article 67, Code Pub. Gen. Laws, and since *495 that statute does uot authorize any action against the personal representatives or estate of one whose wrongful act, neglect or default has resulted in the death of another, the declaration in this ease cannot he sustained under its provisions.
And since there is nothing contained in these statutes to remove the supposed cause of action set up in the declaration in this case from the operation o£ the common law1 maxim,, that actio personalis moritur cum persona, and as the declaration failed to state any facts constituting a valid cause of action against the defendant, it follows that the demurrer thereto was properly sustained, and the judgment appealed from will therefore he affirmed.
Judgment affirmed, with costs to the appellee.