199 Pa. 17 | Pa. | 1901
Opinion by
The Harmonia Singing Society of Chester applied to the Delaware County Trust, Safe Deposit and Title Insurance Company, the appellee, for a loan to assist it in the erection of a proposed building. The loan was granted on June 8, 1893, but was not taken out by the society. On December 5, 1893, the application was renewed, and a loan of $5,000 was awarded upon the condition that the society procure a responsible party to furnish $15,000 on a first mortgage, and that the loan be secured by a note for $5,000, signed by not less than ten members of the society, and also by a mortgage of like amount, second to the $15,000 mortgage, to be held as collateral for the note and also as protection for the members of the society signing the note. The money was not to be paid out on the loan until the society’s building was completed and freed from all liens and claims so that the mortgages might be the first and second liens.
The loan was accepted on the terms on which it had been granted. The appellant and nine other members of the society executed and delivered to the plaintiff the following note, which was signed by the appellant and his codefendants, and is the note in suit:
“$5000. “Chesteb, Pa., December 13,1893.
“ One month after demand we or either of us promise to pay to the order of the Delaware County Trust, Safe Deposit and
On January 10, 1894, the society directed the insurance company “ to pay the proceeds of the note dated December 18, 1893 ” to Runyea and McCray or their order, when the Harmonia Singing Society Hall had been completed.
On July 13, 1894, the mortgages required by the terms of the loan were executed, and on July 25, 1894, the $15,000 mortgage was recorded, and on J uly 26,1894, the $5,000 mortgage was recorded. The proceeds of the $15,000 mortgage and of the $5,000 furnished on the note, less $80.00 discount, were disbursed by the insurance company on account of the building erected by the society. This building seems to have been completed in the latter part of July, 1894, when, according to the terms of the loan and the order of the society of January 10,1894, the money was to be paid by the insurance company. But before the money was paid by the insurance company, it took another note from the society itself, dated July 26, 1894, for $5,000, payable three months after date, which was duly discounted and the proceeds credited to the singing society. This note was entered and carried on the books of the insurance company with the statement that the insurance company held as collateral a second mortgage and a note signed by ten members. It was renewed from time to time until February 12, 1898, without any payments except the successive discounts, and each renewal was made after the preceding note fell due.
The $15,000 mortgage was foreclosed in April, 1898, the property was sold for $150, and nothing was realized from the sale applicable to the second mortgage which was given as collateral security for the payment of the note in suit.
On April 20, 1898, demand for the payment of the note was made by the plaintiff on the appellant and the other maker’s which was refused, and on December 5, of the same year this action was brought.
On the trial of the cause in the court below, the defendants claimed that they were relieved from liability on the note for the reason that they were to be regarded as sureties although they appeared on the note as makers, and that as sureties the claim could not be enforced against them because demand for the payment of the note was not made in a reasonable time,
It is contended here by tbe appellant that the note in suit and on which he is one of the makers, was taken as collateral security for the note of July 26, 1894, on which the society was the maker, and that the relation of principal and surety between the plaintiff and the defendants was thus established and continued throughout the transaction. The appellant’s counsel concede that this is the controlling question in the case and that its solution will determine the appellant’s liability on the note in suit.
It clearly appears that the note in suit was given to secure a loan made by the plaintiff to the Harmonía Singing Society. It received the money and the makers of the note were undoubtedly accommodation makers. Their credit was given the society that it might secure the loan from the plaintiff, and that meant that it might be employed for the purpose without restriction as to the manner of its use: Smith v. Hine, 179 Pa. 263. The obligation of the appellant and his codefendants could have been assumed by them in various ways. Their liability to the plaintiff might have been as mortgagors, as indorsers, as makers of a judgment note, as sureties, or as makers of a promissory note; direct to the plaintiff. It is apparent that the liability of the defendants would have been different in each case and that the right of the plaintiff to enforce its claim would depend on the liability assumed. In other words, the rights and liabilities of the defendants were fixed by the position in which their names appeared on the instrument given the plaintiff to secure its loan. In the present case it was determined by the parties that the loan should be secured by the promissory note of the defendants payable to the plaintiff, secured by a second mortgage on the property of the society. The appellant executed this note as a maker. He thus assumed a primary liability and made the indebtedness his own. The effect of his action and his liability on the note were the same as if the plaintiff had, on the delivery of the note, handed the money to the. appellant .and he had given it to the society. The
Occupying then the position of a maker on the note in suit, the appellant was a principal debtor as between him and the plaintiff, and he can discharge the indebtedness, evidenced by the note, only as a maker for value could do. It is contended, however, by the appellant that he is released from his liability by the plaintiff’s acceptance of the society’s note of July 26, 1894, and its several renewals. The extension of time thus given the society for a good consideration would doubtless have that effect if the appellant were a surety for the principal debtor; but as he was an accommodation maker of the note in suit, and did not occupy the position of surety to the plaintiff, the giving of time by the plaintiff to the society on the note and its renewals, cannot avail the appellant as a defense in this action. Hence when it is once determined that the appellant sustains to the payee the relation of maker or principal in the note, his liability on the contract is established, and his only relief is payment.
In Bank of Montgomery County v. Walker, 9 S. & R. 229, an action was brought against Thomas Walker, the maker of a promissory note payable to Walker & George (Enoch Walker and Thomas George), by whom it was indorsed to the plaintiff bank which discounted it and paid the money to Walker & George. The directors of the bank knew that Thomas Walker was an accommodation maker when they discounted the note. From time to time thereafter for one year, Walker & George paid the discount on the note, and credit was given them without consulting the maker of the note. The defendant (Thomas Walker), contended that he was discharged from liability on the note in consequence of time being given to Walker & George, he being only a surety, and having received no notice of the indulgence to them. It was, however, determined otherwise. Mr. Justice Duncan, delivering the opinion, says: “ The
The acceptor of a bill of exchange sustains the same relation to the payee that the maker of a note does to his payee. It has accordingly been held that it is no defense to the acceptor of a bill of exchange that the holder has since received another bill from the drawer payable at a subsequent date for a part of the amount, and given time to him for the balance, though the bill was accepted for the accommodation of the drawer and that was known to the holder when he received the bilk: White v. Hopkins, 3 W. & S. 99; Lewis v. Ilanchman, 2 Pa. 416.
These cases have since been followed in this court, and it may now be considered as well settled in this state that one who signs a note as maker, though he does it merely for the accommodation of the payee or the indorser, thereby places himself in the situation of a principal, and will not be allowed to escape the consequences of his action by subsequently alleging that he was but a surety. Time given the payee or indorser, therefore, will not operate to release him from his obligation. These principles are- equally applicable where the note is made for the -accommodation of a third person, as in the present case. The relation created by the maker is that of principal debtor, and his rights and liabilities are the same whether the accommodation is for the payee in the note or for a third person. The liability of the maker does not depend upon the person for whose accommodation the note is made, but upon the situation in which the maker has placed himself by assuming the position of a principal debtor.
The loan was made by the plaintiff to the society, as we have seen, in 1893, but the money was not to be disbursed until the
No question arises here between the holder of a collateral security and his debtor as to the failure of the former to collect from the maker of the note by which the debtor has been injured by the delay.
We are of opinion that the appellant was not discharged from his liability on the note under the facts disclosed by the evidence, and therefore the court was right in directing a verdict for the plaintiff.
The assignments of error are overruled and the judgment is affirmed.