190 Tenn. 632 | Tenn. | 1950
delivered the opinion of the Court.
This suit was hied by the petitioners to renew a judgment, formerly entered against the respondent, and for execution of said judgment on equities of the respondent in land that he owned at the time of the filing of this bill. The Chancellor rendered judgment in favor of the petitioner and other distributees of Mrs. Bettie Delaney, deceased, against the respondent. On appeal, the Court of Appeals reluctantly reversed because in their judgment, a judgment could not now be rendered on this former judgment because the bill as filed was repugnant and the 10 year Statute of Limitations, Code, Section 8601, had run before an amendment to the bill was made making the distributees parties complainant thereto.
At the April term of the Chancery Court in 1936 a judgment was rendered against the respondent in favor of R. A. Delaney, administrator for a sum due on a note that the respondent had made to his mother. Mrs. Delaney died intestate and R. A. Delaney qualified as her administrator and as such secured this judgment. A small credit is due on the note but the balance of the judgment had not been paid when on April 17, 1946, suit was filed to revive this judgment.
The caption to the present suit is “R. A. Delaney, Admr., of the estate of Mrs. Betty Delaney, deceased, a resident of Henderson County, Tennessee, to bring this bill in that capacity, and for the use and benefit of the estate of the said Mrs. Betty Delaney, deceased, complainant.” This suit is filed against the respondent and others who are not now before this Court. The respond
‘‘ Complainant states that the said Mrs. Betty Delaney left surviving seven children, viz., complainant, R. A. Delaney, defendant, W. L. Delaney, Josie Delaney, Mattie Essary, Callie Essary, F. H. Delaney, and F. A. Delaney, all of whom are beneficiaries of her estate, and if complainant is not entitled to recover, as administrator of tbe estate of tbe said Mrs. Betty Delaney, deceased, then be charges that for and on behalf of himself, and of all of tbe other children, heirs-at-law and distributees of tbe said Mrs. Bettie Delaney, be is entitled to recover of tbe defendant tbe amount of said judgment, interest and costs.”
Tbe Court of Appeals held that tbe making of tbe above amendment constituted a new cause of action and since tbe amendment was made after tbe 10 year Statute of Limitations bad run tbe cause was barred by said statute and consequently dismissed tbe bill.
We granted certiorari because tbe two courts rendered different judgments therein, tbe Chancellor rendering judgment on the note and tbe Court of Appeals reversing for tbe reasons above set forth, and because of tbe importance of tbe legal principle involved. We have designated two questions, only, to be argued and considered in tbe granting of tbe certiorari. Tbe answer to these questions is determinative of tbe suit. Tbe first question to be considered is: Should a court of chancery give a liberal construction to the bill as originally filed so as to find that the bill was filed by R. A. Delaney in
Considering the first question it is necessary for us to refer specifically to certain sections of the bill. We have copied above the caption of the bill. In the body of the bill it is alleged that:
“Complainant, as administrator, on the 17th day of June, 1939, made a settlement of the estate of the said Mrs. Bettie Delaney, deceased, in the County Court of Henderson County, and was credited on said settlement with the amount of the note, on which said decree was rendered, less said credit of $158.20, but the decree, as an asset of the estate, remained in full force and effect, and the distributees of her estate are entitled to the same.”
It is further charged in the bill that:
“Complainant further states that, while the settlement made by and the accounting with him in the County Court, as administrator, shows that the same was final, and he was discharged of all liability as administrator, and therefore if it should be held that he has no right to maintain this bill, as administrator, for the use and benefit of the distributees of the estate of Mrs. Bettie Delaney, deceased, then that he is advised that a proper case is presented for the appointment by your Honor of an administrator ad litem to prosecute this suit under this bill, to the end that the rights of the parties in interest may be fully protected by the decree of the court.”
The Court of Appeals said:
“The justness of the debt, the payment of which the defendant is seeking to avoid, is not questioned. The*637 merits of the case are all against him and we would decree accordingly if we could find any way to do so without disturbing what seem to be well-established principles. But we have been able to find no way to do this, at least none permissible to an intermediate court. ’ ’
The Court of Appeals also said:
“Moreover, while upon a liberal construction it might be held that, notwithstanding the limitation of the caption, the bill as originally filed was intended to seek a recovery not for the use and benefit of the estate of the intestate but for the use and benefit of the distributees of the estate, yet, other questions aside, the distributees are nowhere named in the bill as they should have been. This was necessary in order that a recovery in the complainant’s name would have operated as a bar to a suit by one of the distributees. Cf. Trafford v. Wilkinson, 3 Tenn. Ch. 449.”
Is the bill (the pertinent portions which are quoted above) entitled to such a liberal construction so that a court of equity should say that the suit is brought for the use and benefit of the distributees of the estate? We think that it is entitled to such a liberal construction.
If the bill is entitled to such a liberal construction and was brought for the use and benefit of the distributees of the estate, is a new cause of action made when the bill is so amended as to name the distributees of the estate? We think that no new cause of action is made by thus naming the distributees of the estate.
It seems to us from reading the entire bill and particularly those portions heretofore quoted that clearly the purpose of the bill was for a recovery on behalf of the distributees of the estate of Mrs. Betty Delaney. There could have been no other purpose of this suit
The reason for the holding of the courts that suit brought in the name of the administrator for the
"When the rights of creditors disappear, there are no creditors, there can seem to be no reason why the distributees might not bring the action — the repugnancy of the two then disappears. Since there are no creditors in the instant case we can find no repugnancy in the caption of this bill. It appears to us that it is brought for the distributees. In Hurt v. Fisher, 96 Tenn. 570, 35 S. W. 1085, it was held that when it appeared there were no creditors, administration was unnecessary, and a distributee was entitled to maintain his action. This case, to the extent that it held that distributees may maintain such an action in Chancery without administration where the estate is not indebted, overruled the case of Brown v. Bibb, 42 Tenn. 433. Brown v. Bibb, supra, is the basic case upon which the question is decided and based in Trafford v. Wilkinson, supra. Obviously when the reason for the rule fails the rule is not applicable. The principle was very succinctly stated in Christian v. Clark, 78 Tenn. 630, 638, as follows:
*640 “The principal reason of tlie rule for requiring the assent of a personal representative is the protection of creditors, and the objection of the want of such a representative becomes merely technical where it is obvious that there are no creditors:”-citing Brandon v. Mason, 69 Tenn. 615-616.
Thus when it appears on the face of the bill that the administrator, personal representative, no longer acts as such and there are no creditors that have a claim upon the estate, merely stating in the caption of the bill this representative capacity is in no wise repugnant to the action which really is maintained for the benefit of the distributees. When such a situation appears as it does in the factual situation stated in this bill it necessarily follows that the distributees are the only ones having an interest in maintaining this judgment. How can it then be said of these distributees, who are named by an amendment that by so naming the distributees the defendant (respondent here) is hurt? He knows immediately, under the facts as alleged and the law, that the distributees are the only ones that are interested in this recovery. Knowing this, he being one of them, he certainly is not hurt. He knows who the distributees are just as well as any of the other distributees. He likewise knows whether or not he has made any settlement with any of these distributees. He does not so claim or raise this question here.
Of course the case of Hurt v. Fisher, supra, was the converse of the situation in the present case. In Hurt v. Fisher, the question was whether a distributee could recover personal assets due the intestate without the intervention of an administrator of the estate, it affirmatively appearing in that case that there were no creditors,
By the amendment adding the names of the distributees the cause of action was not changed or altered, and the amendment did not bring into the suit a new party, in view of the allegation of the bill. This was merely a formal change, and the supplying of information by amendment, that was known to the defendant (respondent here) and could have easily been shown and established by proof. The substitution of these parties, distributees, by naming them did not constitute a new cause of action. It was said in Whitson v. T. C. Ry. Co., 163 Tenn. 35, 46, 40 S. W. (2d) 396, 399, that:
“If no new cause of action was injected into the case by the substitution of the administrator, the fiction of relation was effective, and the suit arrested the running of the limitation period from the date the summons was issued, so that the defense of the statute was not ‘complete.’ ”
Such a policy as we have set forth herein is in accord with the liberal policy of substantial justice as revealed by the opinion of this Court in Burns v. Peoples Tel. & Tel. Co., 161 Tenn. 382, 33 S. W. (2d) 76.
A note on the question here is found in 74 A. L. R. at 1270, where it is said:
“While the eases are not in entire harmony, it is usually held that an amendment changing capacity in which a plaintiff sues does not change the cause of action so as to let in the defense of limitation;”
Following this statement numerous cases are cited including that of Whitson v. T. G. Ry. Co., above quoted from.
The naming of the distributees was not the equivalent of the commencement of a new action. All it did was to continue the action of the prior proceedings and during the pendency of this action the statute did not run. There is no change of the cause of action pleaded in the original bill; nor is there a change of parties, except that the real parties in interest (for which the bill is filed) are substituted for the administrator named in the caption of the bill.
We can say here as was said in Whitson v. T. C. Ry. Co., supra, that: “No substantive right or complete defense of the defendant will be destroyed by relating such an amendment, and giving it effect, as of the date the summons was issued; nor will any purpose or object of the statute of limitations he violated thereby.”
