498 F.2d 1383 | C.C.P.A. | 1974
This is an appeal from the decision of the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board (abstracted at 176 USPQ 498 (1972)) granting opposer-appellee's motion for summary judgment and denying applicant-appellant’s cross-motion for summary judgment, with the result that the opposition was sustained and the registration refused.
The decision of the board was premised on estoppel of applicant-appellant from seeking to register the service mark here involved (shown below), because he had previously sought to register such mark for essentially identical services
It should be noted that in June of 1963 appellant filed a civil action in the U.S. District Court for the District of Rhode Island against appellee for misappropriation of character. He received a jury verdict (apparently subsequent to the default judgment entered by the board on November 23, 1964), from which appellee here took an appeal to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit. That court rendered its decision on May 11, 1967,
Appellant argues that the Court of Appeals for the First Circuit found that he had acquired the right of ownership and priority of use in the service mark, although it reversed the district court’s allowance of a remedy for misappropriation of character;
Appellee responds that the court of appeals merely found that appellant was the first user, but not of the mark as a service mark; whereas the board’s default judgment, in effect, found appellee to be the first user of the mark as a service mark. Therefore, appellee argues, there is no inconsistency between the finding of the court of ap
The difficulty with appellee’s position is that by its motion for summary judgment it admitted the truth of appellant’s averment in its answer to appellee’s opposition, namely:
. that the issue of the misappropriation of the idea and character was decided [in the United States District Court for the District of Rhode Island] in favor of applicant; although, the First Circuit Court of Appeals in its decision . . . did determine that applicant was not entitled to a remedy for the misappropriation of his character and idea.
Thus we have a possible conflict between the finding of the board, implicit in its default judgment of 1964,
This holding requires us to also hold that appellant is not estopped from seeking to register its mark by reason of the default judgment involving the same mark and essentially identical services. The general rule is that where the prior judgment has legal effect and its application to the parties in the case at bar does not involve any genuine issue of material fact, summary judgment may be rendered for the claimant, or the defendant, as the prior judgment may warrant. 6 Moore’s Federal Practice U 56.17 [52], p. 2664 (1965). However, the intervening decisions of the district court and the coui’t of appeals discussed above assuredly involve genuine issues of material fact which cannot and should not be ignored. We note that this court has previously indicated that facts which have occurred with the passage of time since a default judgment in a prior opposition can avoid application of the doctrine of estoppel. Old Grantian Co., Ltd. v. William Grant & Sons, Ltd., 361 F.2d 1018, 53 CCPA 1257 (1966).
This brings us to the question of whether the board should have allowed appellant’s cross-motion for summary judgment, which would entail dismissal of appellee’s opposition. The answer depends on the sufficiency of the facts of record, including the opinion of the Court of Appeals for the First Circuit, to support registration of appellant’s mark. As noted above, appellee argues that the court of appeals merely found that appellant was the first user, but not of the mark as a service mark. Our consideration of the facts before us is persuasive that this and other issues pertinent to the requirements for registration necessitate a trial on the merits. We point out, for example, that the court of appeals stated that the law governing misappropriation of character was the intellectual property law of Rhode Island; that the issue of secondary meaning was not submitted to the jury in the trial below; that the instructions to the jury limited its finding to creation of the character “Paladin, Have Gun Will Travel” by appellant here and its copying and use by appellee; that appellant’s cards containing his photograph, the knight chess piece, the slogan, and the name “Paladin” were unquestionably writings within the meaning of the copyright clause of the Constitution;
The decision of the board is reversed and the cause is remanded for further proceedings not inconsistent herewith.
Reversed and remanded.
. Application Serial No. 356,049, filed April 6, 1970, alleging first use and first use in commerce in July, 1947; Opposition No. 52,531, filed December 27, 1971.
. Application Serial No. 151,733, filed August 23, 1962; Opposition No. 44,299, filed August 17, 1964.
. Although no appeal was taken from the default judgment entered on November 23, 1964, appellant filed a motion to set aside the judgment on December 23, 1969. This motion was denied by the board on March 18, 1970.
. CBS, Inc. v. DeCosta, 377 F.2d 315 (1967). In its opinion, the court made no mention of the default judgment entered by the board.
. The court of appeals stated: “The jury obviously disbelieved at least this much of their [appellee’s witnesses] testimony, and we think it clear that they were amply justified. Thus, the plaintiff has had the satisfaction of proving the defendants pirates. But we are drawn to conclude that proof alone is not enough to entitle him to a share of the plunder. Our Paladin is not the first creator to see the fruits of his creation harvested by another, without effective remedy . . . .” And it added: “. . . it is by no means clear that such state [Rhode Island] law of intellectual property as we have found supports relief - on these facts.”
. Last Chance Mining Co. v. Tyler Mining Co., 157 U.S. 683, 691, 15 S.Ct. 733, 39 L.Ed. 859 (1895).