22 Mich. 275 | Mich. | 1871
Plaintiffs in error sued defendants to recover the price of certain oil barrels which had contained kerosene oil, and when empty had been bargained for by defendants.
The defense relied upon was, that before delivery the
If is urged as ground of error that this defense is not admissible under the general issue. But under the laws such forfeitures relate back to the time of the offense committed, and defeat any title. The defense is equivalent, therefore, to denying the delivery of any valuable thing and any lawful sale, and goes to the whole original cause of action under the contract. It is not a subsequent failure of consideration, but a sale in violation of law. The sale itself is the offense.
The serious question in the case arises upon the proof of illegality, and the effect of the United States judgment, and the mode of proving it.
The judgment record was proved by the certificate of the United States district clerk, under the seal of the court,, in the full form declared sufficient by our statutes, and in conformity to the common law, but not, as it is claimed, in such form as to make it evidence in all places under the acts of Congress, declaring the manner of proving such judgments so as to make them admissible everywhere. We could not reject such evidence of a judgment of that kind as Congress shall have /declared conclusive, but we are not. compelled to require it unless we choose. And our statutes have not only provided for such evidence as was here produced, but they have not undertaken to rescind the common-law rules, not in conflict with them. They have merely provided additional methods of proof. And the rules which we recognized in Capling v. Herman, 17 Mich. R., 524, upon a case involving a Canadian judgment, will substantially apply here. We think the judgment was properly proved.
It appears that upon the seizure of the barrels and the filing of the information, Chapin at once claimed and bonded the barrels, and then let judgment go against him by default. After his claim no steps were taken by the court to notify any .parties in interest to appear, as the bonding transferred the property to the claimant, — so far as the United States were concerned; and thenceforwai'd the proceeding, though not changing its name, ceased to have the character of a proceeding in rem, to which all the world are parties, and became in substance a controversy with the claimant. And as plaintiffs were not called upon in any way,
. by actual or constructive notice, and had no standing in court when the judgment was pronounced, they cannot be held, as between them and defendants, to have been parties or privies; and they are not affected by it. in this,controversy, As to them, it was merely Chapin’s admission or declaration .that the barrels were illegally sold by him. He could not make testimony for himself in that way.
The law would not compel him to defend a suit which
The judgment must be reversed, with costs, and a new trial granted.