De Von v. Town of Oroville

120 Wash. 317 | Wash. | 1922

Lead Opinion

Parker, O. J.

— The plaintiff DeVon commenced this action in the superior court for Okanogan county, seeking an injunction restraining the defendant town of Oroville, a municipal corporation of the fourth class, and its officers from destroying a building owned by him, which building was damaged by fire; the town officers claiming the lawful right and authority to destroy the building by virtue of a fire and building ordinance of the city hereinafter noticed. The plaintiff alleges in his complaint that he owns the building in question, that it is of the value of more than $10,000 ; and that the town’s officers are threatening to destroy it without warrant or authority of law. As an affirmative defense, the town alleges the existence of the ordinance in question (Ordinance No. 66), which, after defining the fire limits of the town, within which wooden buildings shall not be constructed, contains the following provision:

“Section 5. Any existing frame building within the fire limits which may hereafter be damaged by fire, decay or otherwise, to an amount greater than one-half of its present valúe, exclusive of the foundation, shall not be repaired or rebuilt, but shall be removed from said fire limits; ”

that the building is a wooden building; that it is within the fire limits as defined by the ordinance;

“that shortly prior to the commencement of this action, said frame building was destroyed by fire to the extent of more than 50 % of its value, and as provided in said Ordinance No. 66, exclusive of the foundation, and though many times requested by the proper authorities of the said Town of Oroville, the plaintiffs refused and still do refuse to remove said building; that said building was at the time of the commencement of this action, and still is, a menace to the said Town of Oroville and its inhabitants . . .”

and concludes with a prayer as follows:

“that said partially destroyed building be adjudged a nuisance, and that the plaintiffs be required to remove the same within a time specified by the decree of this court, and in case the plaintiffs shall fail or refuse to do so, the defendant may abate said nuisance at the costs of the plaintiffs.”

The plaintiff, in his reply, denies in substance the legal existence of the ordinance, and also damage to the building to an amount greater than one-half of its value. With the issues so made by the pleadings, the ease proceeded to trial in the superior court, resulting in judgment being rendered by that court as follows:

“It is further found, adjudged and decreed that that certain frame building owned by the plaintiffs and situated on Lots 13 and 14 in Block 45 of the Townsite of Oroville, Washington, is within the fire limits of the said Town of Oroville as established by ordinance of said town duly passed and enforced, and is a nuisance under the provisions of said ordinance and the laws of the State of Washington.

“And it is hereby adjudged and decreed that said nuisance be abated.

“It is further adjudged and decreed that the plaintiffs be and are given 60 days from the date hereof in which to abate said nuisance, and upon their failure so to do, the defendant abate and remove said nuisance at the cost and expense of the plaintiffs.”

From this disposition of the case in the superior court, the plaintiff has appealed to this court.

It is first contended that the legal existence of the ordinance has not been properly evidenced of record, in that it has not been recorded as required by law. Counsel invoke the provisions of Rem. Comp. Stat., § 9188, relating to the duties of the town clerk, reading as follows:

“. . . He shall keep a book marked ‘ Ordinances, ’ into which he shall copy all town ordinances, with his certificate annexed to said copy, stating that the foregoing ordinance is a true and correct copy of an ordinance of the town, and giving the number and title of said ordinance, and stating that the same has been published or posted according to law. Said record copy, with said certificate, shall be prima facie evidence of the contents of the ordinance, and of the passage and publication of the' same, and shall be admissible as such evidence in any court or proceeding. Such records shall not be filed in any case, but shall be returned to the custody of the clerk. Nothing herein contained shall be construed to prevent the proof of the passage and publication of ordinances in the usual way. . . . ”

The argument seems to be that the ordinance has no legal existence, so as to be proven in any manner, until it has been recorded as contemplated by this statute. We cannot agree with this view of the law. It appears from the evidence introduced upon the trial that, instead of this ordinance being copied in a book and certified as a true copy by the clerk, as. provided by that section, he has followed the custom of attaching the original ordinances together from time to time in the order of their passage and numbering them accordingly, each being evidenced as to its passage and the time of its passage by the signature of the mayor, attested by the clerk, as provided by Rem. Comp. Stat., § 9178. Instead of the due passage of this ordinance being proven upon the trial by a record of it made in a book as provided by Rem. Comp. Stat., § 9188, its due passage was proven by the introduction in evidence of the original ordinance itself, which was signed by the mayor and attested by the clerk. Manifestly the original ordinance, so duly authenticated, is as high an order of proof of its due passage as a copy of it in a book certified by the clerk as prescribed by section 9188, would be. 19 E. C. L. 908; 28 Cyc. 397. Plainly a record of the ordinance as provided by section 9188, above quoted, would be no more than a certified copy of the ordinance. There is nothing in our statutes even suggesting that a failure to so record the ordinance renders it void or of no effect. As we view the above quoted statute, it is nothing more than a rule of evidence prescribing a simple method of making prima fade proof of the due passage of an ordinance. Even the concluding sentence of the statute above quoted negatives the idea that such method of proof is exclusive. It seems quite plain to us that the passage of the ordinance was amply proven.

It is also contended that no proper proof of the publication of the ordinance has been made. The evidence clearly shows that it was published in a newspaper published in the town. This was proven by the testimony of the town clerk and the admission in evidence of a copy of the paper. We do not find any statute prescribing the method of proving, or preserving the proof of, the publication of an ordinance other than the certificate of the clerk to be made with the recording of the ordinance as provided in section 9188, above quoted; but that, as we have seen, is not an exclusive method of proof. Some contention is made in this connection that there is no evidence of a designation by the town authorities of the paper in which the ordinance was published, as the official paper of the town. Eem. Comp. Stat., § 9177, touching this question, reads as follows:

“Any town of the fourth class in the state of Washington may select or designate any daily or weekly newspaper published or of general circulation in such town as the official paper of said town, and all notices published in said paper for the period and in the manner provided by law or the ordinances of said town shall be due and legal notice. ’ ’

The evidence introduced upon the trial of this case-warrants the conclusion that the town authorities have never formally designated any paper as the official paper of the town; but the evidence is all but conclusive that, since several years prior to the passage of this ordinance, all of the official publications of the town, including its ordinances, have been made in the paper in which this ordinance was published. This, we think, is sufficient to call for the conclusion that this paper was, at the time of the publication of this ordinance therein, the official paper of the town; and that therefore the ordinance was duly published. It is to be noted that there is nothing in the language of Rem. Comp. Stat., § 9177, designating the manner in which the official paper of the town shall be so designated.

It is contended that, even though the ordinance may have been passed and published in due form, it is void in that it is beyond the power of the city to enact it. We note that the ordinance is silent as to any method of procedure by which it shall be determined as to whether or not a building damaged by fire has been so damaged to a greater amount than one-half of its value. It seems to be argued that the threatened summary removal of the building by the town officers would be the taking of property without due process of law, and that this renders the ordinance void. Whatever may be said as to the method the city officers may pursue in determining the extent of the damage to the building and the question of its removal, manifestly their procedure, however summary or unlawful, would not render the ordinance void, in view of the fact that it is silent on the question of procedure. So the only real question we can make out of the argument going to the invalidity of the ordinance is the contention that it is void because of the prescribing of the condition which shall call for the removal of a wooden building from the fire limits, to wit, its damage “to an amount greater than one-half of its present value.” That this prescribing of such condition as cause for removal of a building does not render the ordinance void is made plain by our decision in Davison v. Walla Walla, 52 Wash. 453, 100 Pac. 981, 132 Am. St. 983, 21 L. R. A. (N. S.) 454, wherein it is held that an ordinance providing that a building damaged to the extent of thirty per cent of its value should be removed from the fire limits is valid and within the power of the city to enact. Among the powers expressly given to municipalities of the fourth class, we find in Eem. Comp, Stat., §9176, the following: “Cities of the fourth class are hereby given the power to establish fire limits with proper regulations; . . .” We are quite convinced that the ordinance in question was duly passed and published, and that it constitutes a valid exercise of power by the town, in so far as we are here called upon to notice its provisions.

Some contention is made that, even though the ordinance be valid as prescribing conditions calling for the removal of a damaged building from the fire limits, the threatened action of the town officers would be arbitrary and without authority of law, since their threatened act would, if consummated, be without any previous hearing accorded to appellant as to whether or not the building had been damaged more than one-half of its value. The question as to whether or not such, summary action on the part of the town officers would he lawful is not now in this case, because instead of so proceeding the town officers have, by their affirmative answer and prayer in this case, submitted herein for judicial determination the question of whether or not the town has the lawful right to have appellant’s building removed from the fire limits of town. In the state of the pleadings as we find them in this case it is apparent that the town officers are no longer seeking' to summarily remove this building, but are affirmatively seeking’ a decree of a court of equity to enforce its removal from the fire limits, the same as if the town were plaintiff in the case.

We now come to a controversy between counsel for the respective parties which to us seems to render it impossible for us to finally decide this case upon this appeal. What we have said, so far, reduces the ultimate question to be decided in the case to this question of fact: Was the building damaged by the fire “to an amount greater than one-half of its present value”? Had respective counsel refrained from their seeming attempt to stipulate that the validity of the ordinance should be the all-controlling question in the case, we would .not be in our present difficulty; for then this question of fact as to the amount of damage to the building would have been tried out in an orderly way. But the fact remains that it was not so tried out. So it is still an open question in the case which cannot be finally determined until that question is settled. Had that question of fact been tried out and the court from the evidence been able to find that the building was damaged more than one-half of its value, there would have been ground to support the judgment which the court rendered; but no evidence was introduced upon that question in behalf of the town officers, where the burden of proof rested, in view of tbe affirmative relief prayed for. Tbis condition of tbe case plainly came about by a colloquy of uncertain ultimate meaning between counsel for tbe respective parties occurring during tbe trial, in wbicb they seemed to attempt to stipulate that tbe validity of tbe ordinance should be tbe all-controlling question in tbe case. Counsel for tbe town now insist that tbe stipulation amounted to an admission on tbe part of appellant that tbe building bad been damaged more than one-balf of its value; while counsel for appellant insist that such is not its meaning. Now whatever may be said as to tbe meaning of tbis claimed stipulation, we think it sufficient to say that we are quite convinced that it in no event amounts to an admission on tbe part of appellant or bis counsel that tbe building was damaged more than one-balf of its value. It is true that at tbe conclusion of counsels ’ colloquy tbe trial judge made tbis remark: ‘1 Tbe questions of value or damage more than fifty per cent are now all out of tbe case. ’ ’ Tbis seemed to be tbe learned judge’s opinion of tbe meaning of tbe attempted stipulation ; but even tbis remark of tbe learned judge leaves us in tbe dark. We do not gather therefrom that tbe stipulation means an admission on tbe part of appellant or bis counsel that tbe building was damaged more than one-balf of its value. Tbe trouble with tbe present condition of tbe case is that that question of fact cannot be eliminated and tbe case finally decided upon its merits; and particularly it cannot be eliminated and tbe case decided upon its merits by tbe granting of tbe affirpiative relief wbicb tbe trial court’s judgment purports to grant. If tbe attempted stipulation of counsel bad amounted to an admission by appellant that tbe building bad been damaged more than one-balf of its value, as we find was tbe stipulation in Davison v. Walla Walla, 52 Wash. 453, 100 Pac. 981, 132 Am. St. 983, 21 L. R. A. (N. S.) 454, by reference to the original record in that case, we conld, of course, sustain the trial court’s judgment; but this judgment does not rest upon either admission or proof touching that question of fact.

We feel constrained to hold that the judgment of the superior court must be reversed; and that, in view of the condition we find this record in, the case must be remanded to that court with directions to try out the question of fact as to whether or not the building has been damaged more than one-half of its value; and render its judgment accordingly, as it may so find upon competent evidence touching that question of fact. Appellant will recover his costs incurred upon this appeal.

Mackintosh, Hovey, and Main, JJ., concur.

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Dissenting Opinion

Holcomb, J.

(dissenting) — I dissent. In my opinion, appellant admitted that the building was destroyed to the extent of more than one-half of its value, and the trial judge, with his usual care and consideration, explicitly called that admission to the attention of counsel, and no contradiction or reservation' was made thereto. Counsel seemed to rely wholly on the invalidity of the ordinance and proceedings.

It is, to my mind, unnecessary and useless to remand the case for trial upon that issue. As an issue, it was waived to the trial court, or else the trial court was led into a trap.

The judgment should be affirmed in toto.