117 Cal. 640 | Cal. | 1897
Certiorari to review an order of the ' superior court of the city and county of San Francisco, Department 9.
Petitioner is, by will of the father and appointment of the court, the general guardian of the person and estate of Harry Gardiner de Greayer, a minor, the estate being in process of administration in said superior court. Belonging to the estate is a certain large sum of money distributed to the ward from the estate of his father, which, at the time of distribution, was on deposit by petitioner, in his capacity as executor of the will of the father, in the California Safe Deposit and Trust Company. Upon the distribution of the fund petitioner was required to and gave an additional bond as guardian in double the amount of the fund, and an order was then made that said money be transferred on the books of the safe deposit company to petitioner’s account as guardian; but thereupon said court, of its own motion, and without other circumstance, made a further order that the said moneys “ be held by said California Safe Deposit and Trust Company, subject to the order of this [said superior] court, and be paid out only as authorized by this court.”
It is contended by petitioner that this last order constituted an infringement upon his rights as guardian, which was beyond the power of the court, and that the order is void.
It is obvious at a glance that the effect of the order is to deny to and deprive petitioner, as guardian, of the possession and control of such fund, and, to that extent, of the possession and control of the estate of his ward. That the law does not authorize such an interference with the possession and control of one standing in the relation of petitioner to the fund has, we think, been expressly determined in the very
Despondent expresses doubts as to the correctness of what is there said, even as applied to the office of administrator, but contends that in any event it has no bearing here because of “ the vast difference at the common law between the functions of an administrator and those of a guardian.”
But we are pointed to no essential difference in the nature of the trust, either, at common law or under our statute, affecting the question here involved, or which would render impertinent the considerations suggested in In re Welch, supra. Whatever the differences in his rights and duties in other respects, a general guardian at the common law, equally with an administrator or executor, was entitled to the exclusive possession, wdth the general care and management of the estate commited to his charge. (Woerner’s American Law of Guardianship, secs. 53, 55, 56, 61, 62; Lee v. Lee, 55 Ala. 590.) And, indeed, in many other, if not most, respects there has always been great similarity between the powers and duties of a guardian in respect of the property of his ward, and an executor or administrator in the management of the estate of a deceased person. "Both classes of functionaries,” says Mr. Woerner, “ are
And what was true in those respects at the common law is not less true under our statute. In fact, by the express terms of the statute, the guardian is given the possession, care, and management of the estate of his ward. (Civ. Code, secs. 236, 247, 249; Code Civ. Proc., secs. 1753, 1754, 1769, 1770.)
And the powers there given and the duties imposed are such as in their essential nature are wholly at variance with the existence of the right in the court to take the custody and management of the estate out of tl e hands of the guardian into its own. Under these provisions, as it was at the common law, it is the guardian, and not the court, who is made responsible for the proper administration of the trust. He it is to whose custody the property of the ward is intrusted, and to whom the law and the ward alike look for its safe return. In the performance of his duties he is, it is true, in certain respects under the control and supervision of the court appointing him; but this right of supervision does not, under our code, nor did it at the common law, carry the power to interfere in any such manner with the custody and general management of the property of the ward—except, of course, for conduct authorizing suspension or removal.
In Lord v. Hough, 37 Cal. 657, 664, it is said, in discussing this power of the court, that, “While the court of chancery has the control and superintendency of all guardians, however appointed, yet it can no more inter
Indeed, the right of custody and control of the property is even more essential to the full and proper discharge of a guardian’s trust than to that of an administrator or executor, since the former is charged not alone with the safekeeping of the property of his ward, but with its judicious and proper investment. And it is primarily to his discretion, rather than that of the court, that this most important duty is committed—a duty to be performed under the direction and control of the court, but, after all, a duty confided by the law to the guardian, who is made responsible for its faithful performance. (Estate of Cardwell, 55 Cal. 136, 141; Woerner’s American Law of Guardianship, sec. 63.)
It is quite apparent that, if the court can by such an order tie up the funds of an estate and deprive the guardian of its control, the latter may be thereby prevented from fulfilling one of the primary purposes of his trust. And in such an instance the ward might be left without redress for any loss resulting, since it is doubtful if the guardian could be held responsible for failing to perform a duty from which he was restrained by order of the court. (Estate of Welch, supra.)
While respondent does not expressly claim that the order in question was made or intended as a direction
In the first place, the recitals of the order negative the idea that it was intended as a direction for the investment of the money in pursuance of the authority given by the above section, since it states on its face that it is made in pursuance of a general rule thereto-' fore adopted by the court providing for “the safekeeping ” of the moneys of estates generally, and makes no reference to the subject of investment.
In the next place, if intended as a compliance with that section, it clearly transcends the power there given. Whether that provision contemplates an order for the investment of funds without notice to or application first made therefor by the guardian or other person interested in the estate, or whether under any circumstances it would authorize a direction for the deposit or keeping of the funds in the hands of an institution or individual specially chosen and designated by the court without the consent of the guardian, are questions which need not be here decided; for certain it is that the court cannot, for the purpose of investment more than another, deprive the guardian of the custody and control of the fund or the securities representing it. If money of the estate be invested, the guardian is still
The order is annulled.
Harrison, J., and Beatty, G. J., concurred.