160 Ind. 408 | Ind. | 1903
On January 28, 1899, this proceeding was instituted by appellant Thomas Day to have a decree of divorce granted to his wife, Julia Day, set aside and vacated. Under his complaint he sought to have the case as originally entitled, Julia Day v. Thomas Day, redocketed imthe lower court, and one Thomas O. Nottingham, in his own proper person, together with Thomas C. Nottinghám and Mortimer Levering, administrators of the estate of Julia Nottingham, formerly Julia Day, made parties to his said action.
The complaint is in four paragraphs. The first and second are based on §6 of our divorce statute, enacted in 1873, being §1042 Burns 1901. The first paragraph is as follows:- “Tour petitioner, Thomas Day, respectfully, shows to the court that he is the defendant in the above entitled cause, and that on the 2d day of March, 1854, he and -Julia-Day, the plaintiff in the above entitled cause, were duly married at the city of Lafayette, in "said county and .State; that afterwards,-on the 22d .day of February, 1898,
The second paragraph of the complaint Contains substantially all the averments of the first, and assails the jurisdiction of the court in the divorce proceedings, on the ground that the order for notice by publication was obtained upon a false affidavit, by which knowledge to the defendant in the aforesaid divorce suit was sought to be prevented by the plaintiff therein, Julia Day.
The third paragraph contains all of the allegations of the first, except that no attempt is made -to show a defense to the action for divorce. This paragraph proceeds upon the theory that the judgment in the divorce action is void for want of jurisdiction, for the reason that the affidavit for publication was made by the plaintiff in said action instead of being sworn to by a disinterested person, and did not state that the defendant was a nonresident of the' State of Indiana. No attempt appears to have been made to show by the averments of this paragraph that appellant had a meritorious defense to the action for divorce. This third paragraph, also, among other things, sets- out- in full the affidavit as to the defendant’s residence, and the order of the court that publication be máde, and the- -finding and judgment of the court therein, ánd avers that they were the only findings, orders, and judgment' of the court in said cause. This paragraph also charges-that the plaintiff did not at any time file an affidavit stating the place of residence of the said Thomas Day, if known, and, if unknown, so stating, as required by §1048 'Burns 1901.- The
Upon the filing of the aforesaid affidavit it is alleged that the court entered the following finding and order, to wit: “And it appearing from said affidavit that the residence of said defendant, upon diligent inquiry, is unknown to her, the court thereupon orders that said cause be now docketed as an action pending, and the clerk of this court give said defendant notice of the pendency of this suit by publication for three successive weeks in a weekly newspaper of general circulation, printed and published in said county of Tippecanoe, and State of Indiana, requiring said defendant to be and appear in said court and make answer to the complaint herein on or before Wednesday, the 27th day of April, 1898, pursuant to the precipe indorsed thereon; and day is given.” That pursuant to said order of the court the clerk of said court caused to be published in the Lafayette Weekly Call, a newspaper of general circulation, printed and published in the English language, in said county of Tippecanoe, for three weeks successively, viz.,. February 36, 1898, March 5, 1898, and March 12, 1898, the following notice of publication, to wit: LTonresident notice. State of Indiana, Tippecanoe County, ss. In the Superior
Upon proof of publication being made to the satisfaction of the court, the defendant Thomas Day was defaulted. Upon the trial of said action the court found and decreed as follows: “And it appearing to the satisfaction of the court from said copy of notice and affidavit of publication annexed thereto as aforesaid that - the defendant Thomas Day has been duly notified of the pendency of this action by three successive weekly publications of said notice in the Lafayette Weekly Call, a newspaper of general circulation printed and published in the English language in the county of Tippecanoe and State of Indiana, the last of which publication was made more than thirty days before the 27th day of April, 1898, the day fixed and indorsed on the complaint of said plaintiff requiring the defendant to' appear to the action, on motion of the plaintiff the defendant is three times audibly called, and comes not, but herein wholly makes default; and on plaintiff’s motion this cause is now submitted to the court for trial without the intervention of a jury; and the court, after hearing the evidence, and being advised in the premises, finds for the plaintiff, and that she is entitled to a decree of divorce from the defendant
The fourth paragraph of the complaint contains all of the material allegations of the former paragraphs, and sought to avoid the judgment.in the divorce action on the ground of fraud on the part of the plaintiff in concealing the residence of the defendant from the court. The complaint was supported by the affidavit of Thomas Day, stating that he had no actual notice of the pendency of the action for divorce, and was further verified in respect to the alleged meritorious defense which he had in the divorce proceedings. The appellees separately demurred to each paragraph of the complaint. These demurrers were sustained by the court over appellant’s exceptions, and, he refusing to further plead, the court rendered judgment on demurrer. The errors assigned are based on the rulings of the court in sustaining these several demurrers.
The contentions of counsel for appellant, among others, are: (1) That the right to open or vacate a judgment of divorce where notice has been by publication is expressly conferred by §1042 Burns 1901; (2) that a defendant under said section need only show that he had no actual notice of the pendency of the action in time to appear and object to the judgment, and that he had a meritorious defense t'o the action for divorce; (3) that decrees of divorce may be set aside for fraud in obtaining them, even after the death of one of the parties, and where a new marriage has been contracted by the party securing the divorce'.
The action instituted by Mrs. Day appears to have been for the sole purpose of securing a divorce — r-no questions of alimony or property rights apparently were involved. The judgment rendered by the court in the action in question only professes to dissolve the relations of husband and wife which existed at the time between her and appellant. It was wholly in rem. While the .court decreed a divorce in favor of the plantiff, it adjudged that the latter pay the costs. Whatever right of action which she had in the suit in question was wholly personal to her, and there is no provision of the statutory law of this State to rescue such right or cause of action from the application and force of the principle asserted by the maxim, actio personalis moritur cum persona (a personal right of action dies with the person). Erom the very nature or character of the case in controversy the death of Mrs. Day, the complainant, must he held to have terminated all further proceedings in the matter, and if the judgment awarding her the divorce were set aside there would remain no pending action in court in which appellant, under the provisions of the statute in question, might appear and defend in regard to the merits thereof, for certainly her death rendered the mere right to a divorce no longer contestable; for whatever right she may have had in that respect died with her person, hence, her administrator could not he substituted as a plaintiff in the action. The following authorities, among others, fully sustain our conclusion as to the interpretation or construction which we place on the above provision of our statute pertaining to divorces. Kirschner v. Deitrich, 110 Cal. 502, 42 Pac. 1064; Swan v. Harrison, 42 Tenn. 534; Owens
Counsel for appellant, under the third paragraph of the application, contend that the judgment awarding the divorce in question should he declared void for want of jurisdiction apparent on the face of the record. It will he observed that the order for publication in the case in question was made by the court in term time,' and not by the clerk in vacation. The contention, however, is advanced that by reason of §12 of our statute in regard to divorces, being §1048 Burns 1901, which provides: “If it shall appear by the affidavit of a disinterested person that the defendant is not a resident of this State, the clerk shall give notice of the pendency- of such petition, by publication,” etc., is jurisdictional, and if made by a person not disinterested it is not sufficient to confer jurisdiction upon the court.
The contention of counsel for appellee is that the affidavit made in the divorce proceeding is a strict compliance with the provisions of §320 Burns 1901, which is a part of the civil code of 1881, and was reenacted by amendment in 1885. It is claimed by counsel for appellee that inasmuch as this section is a later enactment than the divorce statute, it controls. Section 320, supra, provides for a citation or notice by publication “in either of the following cases shown by affidavit: * * * (3) where the defendant is not a resident of the State, and the cause of action is * * "' to obtain a divorce; * * * (4) where the residence of any defendant upon diligent inquiry is unknown.” It would seem that the court in ordering that publication be made possibly recognized the
It will be seen that appellant in his complaint admits as a fact that at the time the divorce action was instituted •by his wife he was and had been prior thereto a resident of the state of California; consequently he was not a resident of the State of Indiana. Conceding, therefore, that the affidavit in dispute was not sufficient, as insisted by appellant, nevertheless the notice or citation given to .the defendant to appear in the action by the method of publication was, under the facts, a substantial compliance with the provisions of §1048 Burns 1901, of the divorce statute; therefore the contention of appellant’s counsel that the court did not have jurisdiction to decree a divorce in favor of the plaintiff for the reason that the affidavit was not sufficient and was irregular can not be sustained, for, under the conceded facts that appellant at the time was a nonresident of this State, the method of citing or warning him of the pend-ency of the action substantially filled or responded to the requirements of the law; hence he is afforded no grounds in this action for asserting that the judgment is void for want of jurisdiction by reason of the .irregularity or insufficiency of the affidavit. The judgment of divorce in the action in question was, as we have shown, wholly in rem, and the vital essential in the matter was that the
The author of the work last- cited, in the section mentioned, says: “If the object of process and service is to notify the defendant that a suit is pending against him in a designated court, * * * then when the residence or whereabouts of the defendant is such, that the process actually issued and published is the proper one, the entire absence of all preliminaries is a matter of no concern t'o him, and on principle, can not make the judgment void. The publication made gives him the same information, no matter on what evidence or by whom ordered.”
Appellant does not contend that the notice made by publication in the case, in form or substance, or in length of
The fourth paragraph of appellant’s application seeks to set aside the judgment in the divorce proceeding on the ground that the plaintiff therein was guilty of fraud in imposing upon or misleading the court by means of the false statements in the affidavit which she filed that the residence of her husband was unknown to her. While it is against the policy of the law as a rule t'o disturb the judgment in divorce proceedings, still we recognize the well settled doctrine that a decree or judgment in such cases may, in a direct proceeding for that purpose, be set aside or vacated on the application of the injured party, where the judgment has been procured by the fraud of the party in whose favor it was rendered, or where such party has been guilty of fraud or trickery in preventing his or her adversary from being notified of the pendency of the action as required by law, or in preventing him from appearing therein or from defending the action. This right in some cases is accorded to the injured party even where the complainant in the divorce proceeding is dead or has remarried. But in such cases the court will be extremely cautious in the
If it be conceded as true that Mrs. Day in her divorce proceeding made a false affidavit to the effect that the residence of her husband at the time was unknown to her, such act on her part does not appear to have affected the court in respect to the notice which it ordered to be given to the defendant. The fourth paragraph of the complaint discloses, as do the othei’s, that at the time the divorce action was instituted and for a long time prior thereto appellant was a resident of the state of California; therefore his wife’s alleged fraud in making the affidavit resulted in no harm to him, for he was, under the order of the court, constructively warned or notified of the pendency of the action, as the' law prescribes. Having been given such notice as the law under the circumstances exacted, the alleged falsity of the affidavit in question can not, in a legal sense, be said to have resulted in any harm or injury to him. The rule is well settled that no one is in a position to demand relief upon the ground of fraud upon the part of another, unless he establishes that he has suffered an injury specially to himself. This rule applies in proceedings to set aside a fraudulent divorce judgment. The alleged invalidity of such a judgment by reason of the fraud will not be inquired into by the court on the application of a party whose rights are not shown to have been specially affected by the fraud. 2 Bishop, Mai’., Div. & Sep., §1543.
Under'§320 Burns 1901, a plaintiff is not required in the affidavit filed for publication to give the particular place of the defendant’s residencej hence, if Mrs. Day, in making the affidavit in question was proceeding, as it appears she was, under that section of the civil code, she could not be
The cases of Willman v. Willman, 57 Ind. 500, and Brown v. Grove, 116 Ind. 84, 9 Am. St. 823, cited by appellant, are not applicable to the case at bar. In both of these latter cases it was, under the facts, shown that the court granting the divorce was absolutely without jurisdiction, and that, therefore, the judgment was void,
The judgment of the lower court is affirmed.