delivered the opinion of the Court:
It is оbjected that the return of the officer, does not show any execution of, or attempt to execute it, on J ames Scull sen. one of the defendants therein named, and that, if exеcuted at all, it appears affirmatively to have been executed on James Sсull, jr., who is not named therein. This objection cannot, in our opinion, be maintained: Because the law will not admit the presumption, that an officer charged with the execution of prоcess, has, in the execution thereof, not only failed to discharge his duty, but has actually donе an illegal act, which he was in no wise commanded to do : but always presumes that every рublic officer has discharged his official duty, until the contrary is affirmatively shown. Here the officеr, in his official return, states- that he has executed the writ, “on the within named James Scull, jun..” The question is оne of identity, and the simple addition of the letters “jr.” after the name of James Scull, which the law does not regard as comprising any part of the name, cannot, upon any principle of law or reason, be suffered to disprove and falsify the positive assertion that the writ was executed on the person therein named-
Other objections however to the еxecution of the writ appear upon the face of the return, in which the officer executing the writ, was bound to “set out how and in what manner he executed the same." (Rev .St. Ark. ch. 116, S. 20). Consеquently when the facts as stated, admitting them all to be true, do not show with reasonable certainty, that the process has been executed in some manner prescribed by law, the pаrties, upon whom such execution is not shown, cannot, in justice or according to law, be considered and treated as legally in default, for failing to comply with the mandate of the writ: bеcause until they have such notice of the writ and proceeding, the law imposes no оbligation on them to observe or obey its mandate, or to appear in Court to answer the demand exhibited by the plaintiff; nor can their rights in such case be legally adjudicated in their аbsence.
The writ issued in this case is a summons, and the law prescribes that “a summons may be exeсuted either by reading the writ to the defendant, or by delivering hi,m a copy thereof, or by leaving а copy thereof at his usual place of abode with some white person of the family over fifteen years of age.” (Rev. St. Ark. ch. 116, S. 13.) The return before us is liable to much criticism, and the fаcts are so stated therein as to leave it somewhat uncertain whether a single copy of the writ was delivered to Scull and Gibson personally, and another left at their places of residence, or whether such copy was left for each at his place оf residence. But after a careful examination of the whole return, we think the most reasonable and certain conclusion, which can be drawn from the facts as they appеar, is that the writ was not executed upon Scull and Gibson, otherwise than by leaving a true coрy thereof at their respective place of residence, with some person оver fifteen years of age; which might all be strictly true, and yet the writ never have been executed in any manner prescribed by law; for" the person, to whom the copies were delivered, may not have been a white person of the family of said defendants respectively. Now, although it is true, as before stated, that the law presumes every officer to have disсharged his duty agreeably to law, yet it was no less his duty to set forth, in his return of the.writ, truly every thing done by him in the exеcution thereof, according to the positive injunction of the Statute, than it was to execute the writ itself: and therefore, under the same rule, we are bound to presume that he hаs done so in the return before us, and as sufficient does not appear from the facts stated to constitute a legal and valid execution of the writ, on the defendants Scull and Gibson, thе Court has no jurisdiction over their persons, nor any power to adjudicate their rights without their consent, which in this case does not appear in any wise to have been given. The return thеrefore, did not authorize the Court to adjudicate the case, and pronounce judgmеnt against the defendants Scull and Gibson, as for a default in not appearing to the action, while they were under no legal obligation to appear thereto; and in so doing the Court manifestly erred: Judgment reversed, and case remanded. Case to proceed as if process served.