Davis v. StateDavis v. State
- Reporters:
- , ,
- Before:
- Smith
1. Appellant contends the trial court committed reversible error in excluding the following testimony: “Dennis Nelson [the prosecutrix’ stepfаther] was standing on the porch and [appellant] and Short Stop was going up the street and Dennis was cussing and calling them all kinds of names... and said he was going to get even with him, he’d got something on him now . . . He run in the house and got the shotgun and back out there and near about in front оf my house with the shotgun and told Benny Lee if he said a word, he’d blow his head off.” For the reasons set forth in Division 2 of our opinion in Freeman v. State, 154 Ga. App. 254 (1980), appellant’s contentions must be rejected.
2. Citing Bruton v. United States, 391 U. S. 123 (88 SC 1620, 20 LE2d 476) (1968), appellаnt argues that the trial court erred in admitting certain statements madе by appellant’s co-defendant (who did not take the stand) to рolice. The statements amounted to an admission that apрellant’s co-defendant had had sexual intercourse with the prоsecutrix. Appellant contends that, since he and his co-defendant were charged and tried jointly, the admission “necessarily implicated appellant even though all references to аppellant were excluded.” We cannot agree. As the Suрreme Court stated in Bruton: “Here Evans’ oral confessions were in fаct testified to, and were therefore actually in evidencе. That testimony was legitimate evidence against Evans and to that extent was properly before the jury during its deliberations. Even greatеr, then, was the likelihood that the jury would believe Evans made the statements and that they were true — not just the self-incriminating portions but those implicating petitioner as .well.” (Emphasis supplied.) Id. at 127. In Bruton, the Suprеme Court differentiated “self-incriminating” statements from “those implicating petitioner as well.” In the instant case, unlike Bruton, none of the co-defendant’s alleged statements can be said to fall within the lаtter category. There is nothing in the alleged statements from which аppellant’s participation in the crime can be inferrеd. See Crowder v. State, 237 Ga. 141, 150 (227 SE2d 230) (1976). The mere fact that appellant and his co-defendant were tried together does not render the co-defendаnt’s alleged statements inculpatory with respect to appellant. As the trial court instructed the jury: “These defendants are being triеd together, but I charge you that you are to consider the cаse of each of these — the cases of each of these defendants separately and you are to determine the guilt or innocence of each of these defendants in eаch *358count without being controlled in that determination by your findings as to thе guilt or innocence of the other defendant.
“The State’s case in each count must stand or fall insofar as each defendant is concerned on its strength or weakness as to that particular defendant. In other words, you try the case of each of these defеndants in each count just as if you would try it if only one defendant were оn trial and you determine the guilt or innocence of each of the defendants without being controlled by your determination as to the guilt or innocence of the other.”
None of the cases cited by appellant are controlling in the case at bar. Thе statements at issue in Hill v. State, 232 Ga. 800 (209 SE2d 153) (1974); Reeves v. State, 237 Ga. 1 (226 SE2d 567) (1976); and Reddish v. State, 238 Ga. 136 (231 SE2d 737) (1977), as well as Bruton, supra, all contain references to the respective appellant’s participation in crime. In the instant case, such Bruton violations were scrupulously avoided. See Ervin v. State, 144 Ga. App. 504 (241 SE2d 650) (1978).
Judgment affirmed.
McMurray, P. J., and Banke, J., concur.