79 Ga. 767 | Ga. | 1887
Ephraim Davis was indicted by the grand jury of Washington county for the offence of assault with intent to murder. Upon the trial of the case he was convicted. Fie made a motion for new trial on two grounds: (1) That the verdict was contrary to law and to the evidence; (2) that the verdict was wholly without evidence to support it. The case was tried by Judge Carswell, and the motion for new trial was heard and refused by Judge Hines, the present judge of the Middle circuit.
It appears, from the evidence in the case, that a warrant had been sued out against the defendant by one Crafton, a constable of the district in which he and the defendant
Under this statement of facts, we think the court erred in refusing a new trial in this case. If Tompkins was an officer of the law, he should'have informed the defendant of the fact, and of the additional fact that he had a warrant for his arrest. “ The officer must at the time be engaged in executing his duties, and the defendant must be notified thereof; and unless there be notification or knowledge to this effect, the killing of the officer in resisting the arrest will not be murder. Thus, where a bailiff pushed abruptly and violently into a gentleman’s chamber early in the morning, in order to arrest him, but not telling his business or using words of arrest; and the party, not knowing that the other was an officer, in the first surprise snatched down a sword which hung in his room and killed the bailiff, this was ruled to be only manslaughter.” 1 Wharton’s Grim. Law, §648. There was no notice given the defendant by Tompkins that he was an officer, or that he had a warrant for his arrest. It is claimed by the State that he was acting as the posse of the constable. If he was, we think that the constable should have accompanied him, or at least that he should have informed the defendant that he was acting under the authority of the constable. We doubt, however, under the facts in this case, whether Grafton, the constable, had the right, to deputize
But we put the case on the ground that Tompkins, not having informed the defendant that he was an officer and that he had a warrant for his arrest, and the defendant having gone into his house, and Tompkins endeavoring to enter the house with a pistol in his hand for the purpose of completing the arrest, and the defendant not knowing that he was an officer, he had a right to resist such arrest; and if Tompkins had died from the wounds inflicted by the defendant, under the facts as disclosed by this record, it would not have been murder; and therefore he ought not to have been convicted-of an assault with intent to murder. 2 Bishop’s Grim. Law, 653.
Judgment reversed.