Davis v. Rock Creek L. F. & M. Co.
55 Cal. 359
Cal.
1880
Check Treatment
Ross, J.:

Thе complaint alleges that on the 14th day of June, 1877, the defendant corporation, for a valuable consideration, exeсuted to A. Wolf & Co. three several-promissory notes, each for the sum of $4,328.33, making in the aggregate the sum of $12,985, and to secure the payment of the notes executed on the same day to Wolf & Co. a mortgage upon the property of the corporatiоn. The notes and mortgage were afterward assigned to the plaintiff, and not having been paid, this action was instituted to foreclosе the mortgage. McGrath, who held a subsequent mortgage from the corporation, was made a party defendant. He answered, denying that the defendant corporation ever executed the notes and mortgage mentioned in the complaint, and setting up Bis own mortgage. The default of the defendant corporation was entered, which was afterward, on motion, based upon affidavits, sеt aside by the Court, and an answer permitted to be filed by the corporation. By its answer the latter also denied that it ever exeсuted, or caused or authorized to be executed, the notes and mortgage set out in the complaint as the basis of the plaintiff’s action.

We think there was no abuse of discretion on the part of the Court in ‍‌‌​‌‌​​‌‌​‌‌​​‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌‌‌​‌​​​​‌‌​​​​‌‌‌‌​‌​​​‌​‍setting aside the default and permitting the answer to be filеd.

The record shows that there were five trustees of the corporation, and that these trustees held all of its capital stoсk. The A. Wolf of the firm of A. Wolf & Co., to whom the notes and mortgage were given, was one of the trustees and the president of the corporation ; and he, as president, together with one Fairbanks, as secretary, executed them on behalf of the corporation. As the basis of their authority so to do, the plaintiff offered and read in evidence, at the trial, a resolution of the Board of Trustеes, in words and figures as follows:

*363“At a meeting of the Trustees of the Eock Creek Lumber, Flume, and Mining Company, held the 15th day of June, 1877, the following resоlution was offered and unanimously adopted— the following trustees being present: A. Wolf, E. McGrath, II. A. Fairbanks, C. Wright, J. F. Dana :
“ It is unanimously resolved by the Trustees of the Eock Creek Lumber, Flume, and Mining Company, a corporation, to borrow $12,985, and to secure the payment of said sum of monеy, to execute a mortgage upon the property of said corporation, said sum of money to be applied to the payment of the debts of said corporation, and to this end A. Wolf, president, ‍‌‌​‌‌​​‌‌​‌‌​​‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌‌‌​‌​​​​‌‌​​​​‌‌‌‌​‌​​​‌​‍and II. A. Fairbanks, secretary of said Eock Creek Lumber, Flumе, and Mining Company, are hereby directed and authorized to make, execute, and deliver, and on behalf of said corporаtion, and as its act and deed, a mortgage upon said corporation property, and to affix to said mortgage and the notes which it secures, the corporate name of said corporation.
II. A. Fairbanks, Secretary.
Signed: A. Wolf,
II. A. Fairbanks,
E. McGrath,
C. Wright,
J. F. Dana,
Trustees.”

It will be observed that the complaint alleges thаt the notes and mortgage were executed on the 14th day of June, 1877, whereas the resolution does not appear to havе been adopted until the day following, June 15th. If, therefore, the plaintiff be held bound by the allegations of his complaint in this particular, thеre would appear no authority whatever for the execution of the notes and mortgage. It was said, however, at the argument, that they were not in fact executed until after the adoption of the resolution, and Fairbanks, the secretary and a witness for thе plaintiff, testified that they “• were executed in pursuance of the resolution or order of the trustees.” We shall so treat them for the purpose of this decision.

Fairbanks, who was the only witness introduced on the trial, also testified that “A. Wolf did not borrow any money for the corporation that I know of, but purchased and assumed said *364debts in the name of A. Wolf & Co., and for the payment of which said notes and mortgage were executed.” The resolution did not authorize or contemplate the execution of the notes and mortgage for any such purpose. It authorized and contemplated the borrowing of $12,985, and to that end authorized and directed the president and secretary to exеcute for and in the name of the corporation, the necessary notes, together ‍‌‌​‌‌​​‌‌​‌‌​​‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌‌‌​‌​​​​‌‌​​​​‌‌‌‌​‌​​​‌​‍with a mortgage upon the corpоrate property. To borrow the money and to execute the notes and mortgage of the corporation to secure its payment was the sole power conferred on the president and secretary by the resolution. This they did not do, nor attempt to do, so far as the record shows. Instead, the president “ purchased and assumed said debts in the .name of A. Wolf & Co.,” of which firm he was at the time a member, and then proceeded, in connection with the secretary, to execute the notes and mortgage in suit. This was clearly unauthorized by the resolution adopted by the Board of Trustees. (Koehler v. Black River Falls Iron Company, 2 Black, 719.) But apart from this consideration, the transaction in questiоn cannot be upheld. The law, for wise reasons, will not permit one who acts in a fiduciary capacity thus to deal with himself in his individual cаpacity. The position of A. Wolf as a member of the'firm of A. Wolf & Co., and his position as trustee and president of the corporаtion defendant, were inconsistent and conflicting. In purchasing the debts of the corporation in his individual capacity, it was to his interеst to buy them at as great a discount as possible. The greater the discount the greater his gain. If he succeeded in purchasing the debts at any discount, to that extent he secured to himself an advantage not common to all of the stockholders. To permit this to be dоne would be to permit the violation of one of the plainest principles of equity applicable to trustees. In this particular case it docs not appear that Wolf ‍‌‌​‌‌​​‌‌​‌‌​​‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌‌‌​‌​​​​‌‌​​​​‌‌‌‌​‌​​​‌​‍secured the demands against the corporation at any discount, neither does it appear that he did not. Nor does the policy of the law permit any inquiry into that question. Occupying as he did the position of trustee, he should not have put himself in a position adverse to his cestuis que trust. One cannot faithfully serve two masters whose interests are diverse. (Andrews v. Pratt, 44 Cal. 309; San Diego v. S. D. and *365L. A. R. R. Co. 44 id. 106 ; Wilbur v. Lynde, 49 id. 290; Picket v. School District No. 1, 25 Wis. 552; Cumberland Coal Co. v. Sherman, 30 Barb. 553; Aberdeen Railway Co. v. Blаkie, 1 MacQueen, 461; Field on Corp. §§ 174 and 175, and authorities there cited.)

Respecting the point made to the effect that the transaction was ratified by the corporation, it is sufficient to say that even if it admitted of ratification, there was no evidence of such ratification. (Cumberland Coal Co. v. Sherman, 30 Barb. 575, and authorities there cited.) It results from these views that the Court below ‍‌‌​‌‌​​‌‌​‌‌​​‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌‌‌​‌​​​​‌‌​​​​‌‌‌‌​‌​​​‌​‍was right in sustaining the defendant’s objections to the notes and mortgage.

Judgment and order affirmed.

McKinstry, J., and McKee, J., concurred.