Davis v. KraussDavis v. Krauss
- Reporters:
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- Before:
- Nickerson
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
NICKERSON, District Judge.Plaintiff, who is incarcerated and now has counsel appointed by the court, moves pursuant to
The original complaint was filed pro se alleging a claim under 42 U.S.C. 1983 and asserting that the police officers used excessive force in arresting plaintiff on January 26, 1978 for armed robbery. The complaint named as defendants “Officer Juy Krauss”, and “Officer H. McSrunnesz” and the 103rd Precinct in Jamaica, Queens. The Marshal could not serve the individuals named as defendants because both the 103rd Precinct and the New York City Police Department’s personnel office told the Marshal’s office that they had no record of these officers.
This court then wrote plaintiff asking for information to aid the Marshal in locating the officers. Plaintiff replied saying “Here are the names of the police officers that were involved in the shooting their (sic) are, Jurgen Krauss — Sgt. Thomas McNulty— Joseph Souton — Willis Krebs and Dennis Sheeran, McGuinness. And their place of Business, is the 103rd Precinct which is located at 168-Jamacia Ave, Jamaica Queens New York, 11433.” (Emphasis in original). By memorandum and order dated May 30, 1979 this court directed service on the officers named in the letter.
Krauss and Krebs were served. McNulty was reported deceased, and the Marshal was unable to serve “Joseph Souton” and “Dennis Sheeran McGuinness,” reporting that they were unknown to the 103rd Precinct and the Police Department’s personnel office.
In October 1981 this court appointed counsel for plaintiff. Counsel thereafter requested from the Corporation Counsel a list of the officers involved in the incident. The Corporation Counsel responded by let*582ter identifying nine officers, including Jurgen Krauss, Willis Krebs, Dennis Sheeran, Karl Mogenis, and Josef G. Boutin. Plaintiff’s counsel now seeks leave to file an amended complaint naming specifically Sheeran, Mogenis and Boutin as defendants. The Corporation Counsel objects on the ground that a claim now asserted against these three is untimely because made after expiry of the applicable three year statute of limitations. See Singleton v. City of New York, 632 F.2d 185 (2d Cir. 1980), cert, denied, 450 U.S. 920, 101 S.Ct. 1368, 67 L.Ed.2d 347 (1981). If the proposed amendment naming Sheeran, Mogenis and-Boutin “relates back” to the date of the original complaint, the claim against them would not be barred.
within the period provided by law for commencing the action against him, the party to be brought in by amendment (1) has received such notice of the institution of the action that he will not be prejudiced in maintaining his defense on the merits, and (2) knew or should have known that, but for a mistake concerning the identity of the proper party, the action would have been brought against him.
Under this Rule the test is whether a “party” to be brought in “received such notice” of the action within the limitation period that he will not be “prejudiced” in his defense and “knew or should have known” that but for a mistake in identity “the action would have been brought against him.”
Plaintiff has made no showing that Sheeran, Mogenis and Boutin personally “knew or should have known” that, but for a mistake, they would have been named defendants. However, the City has a statutory duty to defend these officers and indemnify them for the results, N.Y.Gen. Mun.Law § 50-k, and, were the City a “party,” the requirements of
The City learned of the action at least as early as July 17,1979, when the Corporation Counsel appeared for Jurgen Krauss and Willis Krebs. Notice of the action to the Corporation Counsel sufficed to avoid prejudice in defending on the merits the claim against Sheeran, Mogenis and Boutin. See Mitchell v. Hendricks, 68 F.R.D. 564 (E.D. Pa.1975); Ames v. Vavreck, 356 F.Supp. 931, 942 (D.Minn.1973); Swartzwelder v. Hamilton, 56 F.R.D. 606, 609 (M.D.Pa.1972). Plainly the Corporation Counsel has already undertaken investigations of the incident and has received plaintiff’s answers to seventy-five interrogatories.
The Corporation Counsel also knew of the identity of‘the officers involved in the incident and of plaintiff’s untutored attempts to name them. It hardly required much imagination to suppose that “Joseph Sou-ton” and “Dennis Sheeran, McGuinness” referred to Josef Boutin, Dennis Sheeran, and Karl Mogenis. The City thus “should .have known” that, but for plaintiff’s mistake, the action would have been brought against them. Cf. Taliferro v. Costello, 467 F.Supp. 33, 36 (E.D.Pa.1979) (city should have known it would be added as defendant once pro se plaintiffs, who had a narrow view of claims, obtained counsel).
Where a public body is required by law to indemnify an employee, the New York state courts deem it, though not named, the “real party in interest” in determining the requirements of notice and the statute of limitations. See, e.g., Sandak v. Tuxedo Union School District No. 3, 308 N.Y. 226, 124 N.E.2d 295 (1954) (school district); Norr v. Spiegler, 72 App.Div.2d 20, 423 N.Y.S.2d 177 (1980), aff’d, 53 N.Y.2d 661, 438 N.Y.S.2d 1000, 421 N.E.2d 120 (1981) (city). This court has found no similar federal case addressing the significance for purposes of
*583It is true that the three officers have an interest, albeit not a monetary interest, in the outcome. See Rush v. Savchuk, 444 U.S. 320, 330-31 & n. 20, 100 S.Ct. 571, 578-79 n.20, 62 L.Ed.2d 516 (1980). They may regard an adverse judgment as reflecting unfavorably upon them and may argue that after the passage of the three year statute of limitations they should be free from anxiety on that score. But such a hypothetical concern of the three officers is outweighed by the plaintiff’s interest in obtaining his day in court on the claims he alleges.
Plaintiff has been incarcerated in upstate New York since the commencement of the action. He has not had the same opportunities and facilities as would a free man to investigate and designate accurately the names of the officers involved in the incident. He made reasonable efforts to obtain those names. On several occasions, commencing in July 1979, he sought to have counsel appointed for him. Under such circumstances it is fair to impute to the named officers the knowledge of the City for the limited purpose of
There is a further basis for granting the motion. In Ingram v. Kumar, 585 F.2d 566, 571-72 (2d Cir. 1978), cert, denied, 440 U.S. 940, 99 S.Ct. 1289, 59 L.Ed.2d 499 (1979), the Court of Appeals held that “the period provided by law for commencing the action” referred to in
As is implicit from what has been said, plaintiff may not recover punitive damages from Sheeran, Mogenis and Boutin if under New York law the City has no duty to indemnify them against such damages. Cf. Hartford Accident v. Village of Hempstead, 48 N.Y.2d 218, 422 N.Y.S.2d 47, 397 N.E.2d 737 (1979). Whether it has such a duty can be determined by this court in the event the plaintiff recovers a judgment.
Motion granted. So ordered.