124 Ind. 41 | Ind. | 1890
This was an action to quiet title to real estate. William C. Davis, who died on the 11th day of April, 1889, was, at the time of his death, the owner in fee of the real estate described in the complaint. The appellant, Esther S. Davis, was the third, and childless wife of the deceased. The deceased had no children by his first wife. The appellee Mina A. Fogle was his child by the second wife. In 1888 said William C. Davis adopted Eli C. Davis as his child and heir. After the marriage of said William C. Davis to his third wife, Esther S. Davis, and before the adoption of Eli C. Davis, he made a will devising the real estate in controversy to his wife, Esther S. Davis, in fee. The appellee Mina A. Fogle brought this suit, making Esther S. and Eli
The appellant, Esther S. Davis, demurred to the complaint, for the want of facts, which demurrer was overruled and she excepted.
The question presented for decision is, does the adoption of a child, under the statutes of this State, operate to revoke an antecedent will of the adopting father, he having made no provision, by the will or otherwise, for such adopted child ? This question must be determined mainly by the construction to be given to our statutes.
Counsel for appellee, in their able brief in this case, contend that as “ the statute declaring and defining the rights and interests of adopted heirs in the estate of their father, contains no limiting or qualifying words; nor are the rights and interests of the adopted heir restricted to the rights and interests of a ‘ natural heir ’ in any particular case or class of circumstances; nor to natural heirs born prior to the date of the will of their father, whereby no provision has been made for them, but the wording is that the adopted child shall be entitled to and receive all the rights and interests in the estate of such adopting father, by descent or otherwise, of a natural heir, and as the legal status, rights and capacities of an adopted heir are-, by the statute, made co-equal with those of a natural heir, then co-ordinate legal consequences and results must of necessity flow therefrom; hence, if the natural birth of an heir subsequent to the date of its father’s will (no provision having been therein made for such heir) shall be deemed a revocation of the will of its father, so, also, the legal birth of an heir subsequent to the date of its father’s will (no provision having been therein made for such heir)shall
So much of the statute providing for the adoption of children as is material reads as follows :
“ Such court, when satisfied that it will be for the interest of such child, shall make an order that such child be adopted; and from and after the adoption of such child, it shall take the name in which it is adopted, and be entitled to and receive all the rights and interest in the estate of such adopted father or mother, by descent or otherwise, that such child would do if the natural heir of such adopted father or mother.” Section 825, R. S. 1881.
It is further provided that if such child shall die without leaving wife or husband, issue, or their descendants surviving him or her, seized of any real estate or personal property which may have come to such child by gift, devise, or descent, from such adopting father or mother, such property shall descend to the heirs of such adopting father and mother the same as if such child had not been adopted. Elliott’s Supp., section 29.
It is held by this court that where an adopted child dies without issue, owning real estate which came to it by inheritance from its adopting father or mother, the same shall descend, on the death of the child, to the adopting father or mother surviving, in preference to the natural mother. Humphries v. Davis, 100 Ind. 274; Humphries v. Davis, 100 Ind. 369; Paul v. Davis, 100 Ind. 422.
The court in the case of Humphries v. Davis, supra, at p. 282, say : “ Not only is the conclusion which we have stated that to which cold rules of logic and the benign ones of natural equity lead, but it is also the conclusion to which the general principles both of the American law and the Roman law lead. It isa principle of-both systems of jurisprudence, that in case of failure of descendants capable of taking, the inheritance shall go back to the kinsmen of the blood from which it came. Our statute fully recognizes this general principle,
It is held in Runkle v. Gates, 11 Ind. 95, that to revoke a will the requirements of the statute must be strictly pursued. It is manifestly true no act, thing, or deed will revoke a will once duly executed, unless it comes within the provisions of the statute providing' for the revocation of wills. To hold that the adoption of a child revokes the will, it .is necessary to interpolate into section 2560, after the words “ legitimate issue,” the words “ or shall adopt a child;” or words to the sanie effect, for the words of the statute are plain and explicit; they are : “ If after the making of the will the testator shall have born to him legitimate issue.” It would be legislation, and enacting a statute to so construe it, and would be putting an unwarranted construction upon the statute to hold that the words “ the testator shall have born to him legitimate issue ” mean the same as, or include, an adopted child; or that by the adoption of a child a parent has born to him, or her, legitimate issue. The one ,,is made
By section 1 of an act approved March 11,1889 (Acts of 1889, p. 430), it is provided “ that if a man marry a second or subsequent wife and has by her no children, but has children alive by a former wife, the interest of such second or subsequent childless wife in the lands of the decedent shall only be a life-estate, and the fee of the same shall at the death of such husband vest in such children, subject only to the life-estate of the widow.” It might as well be claimed that if, during the lifetime of such second, or subsequent wife, the husband and wife adopt a child, it would be the same as if one were born to them, and such wife would inherit the one-third in fee of the real estate owned by the husband, since, if a child was born to them as the fruits of the marriage she would inherit, and the birth of the legitimate child fixes the status of the wife as to her interest in the property of her husband ; and if, as contended by counsel for appellee, the status of an adopted child is the same in law as a child born in wedlock, and possesses the same rights as a child born in wedlock, and the adoption revokes an antecedent will the same as the birth of a child, then, with equal force can it be said that the status and rights of the parents are fixed by the adoption of a child the same as by the birth of a child. As well might it be said that if the father die testate, and devise his real estate to his daughter for life, and
We have examined the authorities cited by counsel for appellee, and think none of them sustain the doctrine contended for. The case of Sewell v. Roberts, 115 Mass. 262, is based upon a statute somewhat different from the statute of this State, and the decision goes no further than to hold that the adopted child took as the heir of the adopting father. The statute under which the adoption was made provided that the adopted child, for the purpose of inheritance,'etc., should be the same as if born to them in lawful wedlock, except in certain cases; and the court held that the case under consideration did not come within any of the exceptions named in the statute, and it is far from being decisive of the question presented in this case.
It seems clear to us that the adoption of a child does not revoke an antecedent will of the adopting parent • that it can not be construed to operate the same as the testator having born to him, legitimate issue.
The court erred in overruling the demurrer to the complaint, and the judgment must be reversed.
Judgment reversed, with costs.