131 A. 720 | Pa. | 1925
Mrs. Davis received injury in a collision between defendant's truck and an automobile in which she was riding as a guest. At the close of plaintiff's testimony, the trial judge entered a compulsory nonsuit, giving, as a reason for his action, the negligence of the driver of the automobile and imputing her negligence to plaintiff as a passenger in the car. This appeal is from the refusal of the court to take off the nonsuit.
The automobile in which plaintiff was riding was driven by her sister. Plaintiff occupied the front seat with the driver. They were driving westward on Roosevelt Boulevard in the City of Philadelphia, and when practically fifteen feet from the intersection of Mascher Street, the driver slowed down her car and changed to a lower speed before proceeding to cross the intervening street. She testified that, at the time the speed was slackened, she noticed the truck approaching at "about the south end of the boulevard," by which expression she meant the south side of the boulevard. She proceeded and did not look further in the direction of the truck until the middle of the street was reached when she saw it almost upon her and the collision occurred immediately. The truck struck the automobile on the left side, damaging the mud guard and running board. At the moment of the collision neither car was traveling at an excessive speed as both stopped instantly. There was no other traffic in the vicinity at the time and nothing interfered *180 to prevent the driver of each car from seeing the other approaching.
Roosevelt Boulevard, at the place of the accident, is two hundred and forty feet wide from curb to curb. There are three driveways separated by intervening grass plots. The outer drives are for one-way traffic and the middle is used for traffic in both directions. Plaintiff's car was proceeding on the right-hand outer drive which was thirty-four feet in width. The roadway of Mascher Street on which the truck approached is thirty-six feet from curb to curb. The south side of the boulevard was consequently at least two hundred feet from the north bound driveway.
Plaintiff, testifying in her own behalf, stated she noticed her sister slow down the car as they approached Mascher Street, but did not look on her own accord to see if another car was approaching and did not see the truck until after the collision. She made answer in the negative to a question if she did anything just before reaching the crossing and stated she was not operating the car and did not care to distract the driver's attention with suggestions as to its operations "but left it entirely to her," saying "I thought she was capable of taking me out or I would not have gone with her."
The trial judge entered the nonsuit because the driver was negligent and, as the judge thought, her negligence was imputed to plaintiff.
In this conclusion, the court below fell into error. Though the question of the driver's negligence is not necessarily before us, the facts do not warrant the inference, as matter of law, that she was chargeable with want of due care. The record shows she took every precaution the law required her to take for her own safety as she approached the crossing. She slowed down her car and, as she did so, looked and saw the truck approaching at the south side of the boulevard, a distance of at least two hundred feet. Being only fifteen feet from the side of the street, she concluded, and properly *181
so, under the facts, that she had ample time to cross the street before the truck could travel the much greater distance. While the testimony does not disclose the speed at which the truck was approaching, yet, if it approached at a reasonable speed and with due regard to the rights of other users of the highway, there was sufficient time for the car in which plaintiff was riding to cross the intervening street before the truck reached it. On the other hand if the truck, when first seen, was running at a high speed, there was ample opportunity to stop before reaching that part of the boulevard on which the automobile was driving, consequently, the driver of that car was justified in assuming the truck driver would observe such care and caution as the circumstances required. The mere fact that the driver of the automobile did not again observe the truck until the collision, does not require us to hold her negligent as matter of law. Assuming, as we must, the truth of the driver's statement, that the truck was on the opposite side of the boulevard when she reached the side of the crossing, she clearly had the right of way and was not bound to anticipate negligence on the part of the truck driver. We think the rule of law applicable to the situation is fully set out in Simon v. Lit Bros.,
If it be argued that the evidence in the case before us fails to show the truck was approaching at an excessive speed, the answer is that, inasmuch as the testimony and the damage to the car in which plaintiff was riding, both indicate the truck struck the automobile on the side, the conclusion is the latter reached the point first, or at least the two cars arrived about the same time, in which case plaintiff's car had the right of way, and the duty of the truck driver was to stop and wait until the other car had passed: McClung v. Taxi Cab Co.,
Under the facts of this case, the question of the driver's negligence was for the jury: Gray v. Ohio Grease Co.,
We have discussed the question of negligence on part of the driver of the automobile because of the conclusion of the court below that she was negligent and her negligence was imputed to plaintiff. Assuming, however, *184
she was negligent, it does not necessarily follow that plaintiff, a passenger, was also negligent. "The rule is well established that, when possible dangers, arising out of the negligent operation of a hired vehicle or a conveyance in which one is riding as an invited guest are manifest to a passenger, who had adequate opportunity to control the situation, if he sits by without protest and permits himself to be driven on to his injury, this is negligence which will bar recovery. In other words, the negligence of the driver is not imputed to the passenger but the latter is fixed with his own negligence, when he joins the former in testing manifest dangers": Hardie et ux. v. Barrett,
"An invited guest, and especially one who occupies a rear seat in the car where no opportunity of control exists, is in a different position. He ordinarily is not concerned with the operating of the car and cannot be viewed as joining with the driver in its operation merely from the fact that he happens to be an occupant of the machine. He is, of course, not without responsibility in the matter and must be held accountable if he assumes the risk of a danger which he knows exists or remains silent in the face of known danger and fails to warn the driver of its existence. 'When dangers which are either reasonably manifest or known to an invited guest, confront the driver of a vehicle, and the guest has an adequate and proper opportunity to control or influence the situation for safety, if he sits by without warning or protest and permits himself to be driven carelessly to his injury, this is negligence which would bar recovery': Minnich v. Easton Transit Co.,
The most frequent application of the foregoing principles appears in cases involving railroad or street railway crossings where the situation is one of known danger. We know of no decision where it has been held that a passenger in an automobile is equally bound with the driver, as was in effect held by the court below, to watch for the approach of vehicular traffic at street crossings. To so hold would require such constant interference with the driver as to increase rather than diminish the danger. While there are times, as we said in Nutt v. Penna. R. R., supra, when a guest may be held negligent, as matter of law, in not observing an impending danger and taking proper action in regard thereto, no such situation was presented in this case, because, even if plaintiff had looked and observed the truck at the south end of the boulevard, the situation called for no interference on her part.
Under the evidence, the truck was thirteen times as far from the crossing as the car in which plaintiff was riding, and she was not bound to anticipate the truck driver would approach at a reckless speed and violate the express mandate of the law which gave to plaintiff's car the right of way. The proximate cause of the accident was not plaintiff's failure to look but the negligence of the truck driver.
It may be that after defendant's evidence is submitted on a new trial a different situation will be presented. For present purposes, however, we must take the record as we find it.
The judgment is reversed and a new trial ordered. *186