56 A.2d 851 | D.C. | 1948
Defendant was convicted of making an obscene and indecent exposure in a public park.
The Government’s only witness testified that on May 13, 1947, at about 7:00 p.m. she was seated at a ground floor window of a dormitory for women in Potomac Park, and that defendant walked from the nearby pavement to a place on the grass approximately fifteen feet from the window and there, with his back tó a tree, ■ facing her and with no obstruction between him and
Defendant was his only witness and, according to the record, he testified substantially as follows: “That the exposure, if any, of his person was purely accidental because he.was urinating and did not know anyone was observing him; that he did not intend to exhibit his person.”
The sole 'ground- of appeal is the refusal of the trial court to charge the jury that in order to find defendant guilty it was necessary to find that the exposure was “willful and deliberate.”
We see no error, in the refusal. “Willful”
It is true that the exposure must be intentional in the sense that criminal intent is an essential element of the offense of indecent exposure,
The evidence of defendant alone amply supported a finding of criminal intent. He knowingly exposed his person within a short distance and in full view, of a women’s dormitory. By his own testimony he knew the occupancy of the building because he testified that he was going to the building to see a girl friend whom he had visited there on several prior occasions. The record shows no attempt by defendant to conceal himself when he performed his admitted act. One may not knowingly expose his person in a public place under circumstances which make it probable that he will be observed and then assert that if he was observed the exposure was unintentional and accidental. ■
The record discloses no error and the judgment must be affirmed.
Affirmed.
'Sec. 3.25 (a) of National Capital Parks Regulations provides: “Indecent exposure. Obscene or indecent exposure by any male or female of bis or ber person or tbeir persons, in a street, road, park or other space or enclosure, or automobile, dwelling or other building within park areas wherefrom the same may be seen in any street, avenue, alley, road, or highway, open space, public square, or public or private building or enclosure is prohibited.” 36 CFR, 1945 Supp., 3.25(a).
Townsend v. United States, 68 App.D.C. 223, 95 F.2d 352; certiorari denied, 303 U.S. 664, 58 S.Ct. 830, 82 L.Ed. 1121.
Cole v. List & Weatherly Const. Co., La.App., 156 So. 88; affirmed, 157 So. 175.
Truet v. State, 3 Ala.App. 114, 57 So. 512; Van Houten v. State, 46 N.J.L. 16, 50 Am.Rep. 397; Miller v. People, (N.Y.) 5 Barb. 203.
Reynolds v. United States, 98 U.S. 145, 25 L.Ed. 244; United States v. Balint, 258 U.S. 250, 42 S.Ct. 301, 66 L.Ed. 604; Masters v. United States, 42 App.D.C. 350, Ann.Cas.1916A, 1245.
Neither the Park Regulations nor the corresponding Code Section, Code 1940, Supp. V, § 22 — 1112, use the word “willful” as do the statutes in some jurisdictions. Even in these jurisdictions, “willful” appears to be construed as meaning merely not accidental or unintentional. E.g., State v. Stewart, Ohio App., 50 N. E.2d 910; People v. Ulman, 258 App.Div. 262, 16 N.Y.S.2d 222; Cf. State v. Peery, Minn., 28 N.W.2d 851.
United States v. Crimmins, 2 Cir., 123 E.2d 271, 272. See also Ellis v. United States, 208 U.S. 246, 27 S.Ct. 600, 51 L. Ed. 1047, 11 Ann.Cas. 589.
Sherman v. United States, D.C.Mun.App., 36 A.2d 556, 72 W.L.R. 343; Howard v. Capital Transit Co., App.D.C., 163 E.2d 910.