BACKGROUND
In August 2015, Maya gave birth to her and Cody's daughter, N.N.
The DCFS proceeding was eventually dismissed. But in October 2016, Maya relapsed and checked into a rehabilitation and detox center. Maya completed her treatment on October 28, 2016, but was smoking heroin in N.'s presence the next day.
Cody filed a petition to establish parental relationship on November 16, 2016, requesting sole legal and physical custody of N. The petition requested that Maya have monitored visitation and that she submit to drug and alcohol testing. Cody requested that the trial court enter orders on an ex parte basis; Maya represented herself at the hearing. The trial court awarded temporary sole legal and physical custody to Cody, ordered Maya to have monitored visitation in her home three times a week for four hours each visit, and ordered Maya to respond to the petition no later than December 1, 2016.
On November 30, 2016, Jackie Abboud substituted in as counsel for Maya, replacing Maya's previous counsel. On December 2, Cody's attorney spoke with Abboud on the telephone and requested that Abboud file a response to Cody's petition.
The parties entered into a stipulation and order on December 20, 2016, that modified the trial court's November 22 order entered on Cody's ex parte application. The December 20 order left sole legal and physical custody with Cody, kept Maya's visitation the same, but increased her drug and alcohol monitoring obligations. Cody also agreed to pay Maya an advance on child support and to pay $3,000 per month in child support from December 1, 2016 to May 31, 2017.
Cody's counsel e-mailed Abboud on January 5, 2017 to request that Abboud file a response to Cody's petition. On January 6, 2017, Cody's
Abboud wrote to Cody's counsel on January 20, 2017, requesting that Cody's counsel sign a stipulation and proposed order to set aside the default. Abboud wrote: "As Maya had two attorneys before, I was not aware that no [r]esponse was filed." Cody's counsel did not stipulate to set aside the default, and on February 15, 2017, Abboud wrote to Cody's counsel that she would file an ex parte application on February 21, 2017 asking the trial court to set aside the default and sanction Cody's counsel under Family Code section 271. In her declaration in support of the ex parte application, Abboud wrote: "As [Abboud] substituted into the case after two other attorneys had been involved in the case, [Abboud] believed that a Response to [Cody's] Petition had been filed."
At the February 21, 2017 hearing, the trial court denied the ex parte application to set aside the default and denied the request for sanctions without prejudice to the request being refiled for hearing on proper notice. The trial court's order contained the following handwritten notation: "Denied without prejudice. Parties to file a noticed motion. The parties are to comply with Judge Nelson's 11/22/16 orders that includes that neither party is to be under the influence of drugs or alcohol in the presence of the minor child." Upon reviewing the trial court's handwritten notation, Abboud explained that she believed the trial court had modified the custody and visitation orders back to the November 22, 2016 orders (rather than the parties' stipulated December 20, 2016 orders). Cody's counsel informed Abboud that she would be staying in the courtroom to request
After the February 21, 2017 hearing (and before she was aware the trial court had added language to its February 21, 2017 order), Abboud filed her motion to be heard on regular notice, and added a request for payment of $50,000 from Cody to Maya to finance her attorney fees. On the parties' stipulation, the trial court entered an order on February 22, 2017 modifying the parties' December 20, 2016 order to require Cody to pay two of the child support payments outlined in the December 20, 2016 order directly to a rehabilitation facility in Mexico on Maya's behalf.
As part of the parties' stipulation, Maya was subject to random drug tests and Soberlink alcohol monitoring at Cody's expense. Maya was noticed to appear for drug testing a total of 29 times. According to the manager of the drug testing facility Maya was to test at, "She tested once, didn't appear 23 times, and failed to provide a specimen five times." The one time she tested-December 19, 2016-she tested positive for heroin and morphine.
Overnight from March 2 to 3, 2017, while the trial court proceedings were pending, Maya jumped the fence surrounding Cody's home, entered the home, and confronted a guest of Cody's asleep in one of the home's guest rooms. Neither Cody nor N. were at the home during the confrontation; Maya demanded to know where they were and the guest refused to tell her. Maya returned to Cody's home the next morning. When Cody refused to answer the door, Maya threw an empty bottle at the home four times, making contact with a window twice, and breaking the window. Based on Maya's increasingly threatening behavior, Cody filed a request for a domestic violence restraining order (DVRO) on March 7, 2017.
On March 8, 2017, Maya served subpoenas on VISIONS Adolescent Treatment Centers, which she contends treated Cody for drug abuse when he was a teenager, and Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, which she contends treated Cody on more than one occasion for seizures that Maya contends "were most likely caused by his excessive use of marijuana." Cody moved on March 20, 2017 to quash both subpoenas and for an award of attorney fees for having to bring the motions to quash. In response to the motions to quash, Maya increased her request for attorney fees from $50,000 to $100,000.
On April 11, 2017, the trial court entered a three-year DVRO for Cody and N. against Maya.
On May 30, 2017, the trial court entered judgment based on its prior orders. Maya filed a timely notice of appeal.
DISCUSSION
1. Request to Set Aside Default
Maya contends the trial court erred in refusing to set aside the default entered after she failed to respond to Cody's petition. Maya argues that under Code of Civil Procedure section 473, subdivision (b), the trial court was required to set aside the default based on Abboud's claim that she was unaware no response to the petition had been filed. Maya argues that "a court has no discretion to deny a request to set aside a default where that request [under section 473, subdivision (b) ] is accompanied by a declaration from the attorney attesting to her mistake." Because Abboud attested to her mistake here, Maya contends, the trial court's denial of her request to set aside the default was error.
Cody counters that the trial court determined that Abboud's declaration was not credible, and in fact found that Abboud's mistake was not the cause of the entry of default. Cody argues that the statutory language allows the trial court to make that finding and to thereupon deny relief under Code of Civil Procedure section 473, subdivision (b). Substantial evidence supports the trial court's credibility determination and factual finding, according to Cody. Consequently, Cody contends, the trial court did not abuse its discretion when it denied Maya's request to set aside the entry of default.
Code of Civil Procedure section 473, subdivision (b) provides in pertinent part: "Notwithstanding any other requirements of this section, the court shall, whenever an application for relief is made no more than six months after entry of judgment, is in proper form, and is accompanied by an attorney's sworn affidavit attesting to his or her mistake, inadvertence, surprise, or neglect, vacate any (1) resulting default entered by the clerk against his or her client, and which will result in entry of a default judgment, or (2) resulting default judgment or dismissal entered against his or her client, unless the court finds that the default or dismissal was not in fact caused by the attorney's mistake, inadvertence, surprise, or neglect." "The court's
The trial court's detailed order explains that counsel for Cody requested-twice by telephone and once in writing-Abboud to file a response to Cody's petition, all before filing Cody's request for entry of default. The trial court's order stated: "Here the Court finds that Ms. Abboud's mistaken belief [that a response had been filed] in November, when she entered the case, did not cause the default
Code of Civil Procedure section 473, subdivision (b) 's mandatory provision is only mandatory "unless the [trial] court finds that the default or dismissal was not in fact caused by the attorney's mistake, inadvertence, surprise, or neglect." Here, the trial court found exactly that, and did not abuse its discretion in so doing.
2. Cody's Motions to Quash VISIONS and Cedars-Sinai Subpoenas
Maya contends that the trial court erred when it granted Cody's motions to quash the VISIONS and Cedars-Sinai subpoenas because, (a) Cody tendered the issue of his drug abuse by filing his petition, and (b) Cody waived any privilege about his medical treatments by discussing drug use and abuse and his treatment with Maya.
Cody contends that he never tendered the issue of his own drug use or abuse, and therefore has not implicated the tender doctrine. He also argues that even if he disclosed the information Maya claims he disclosed-the existence of privileged communications (but not their substance) and a general description of his treatment at VISIONS and Cedars-Sinai-that disclosure is insufficient to waive either the physician-patient or psychotherapist-patient privilege. We agree with Cody.
Koshman v. Superior Court (1980)
In Koshman , a custody dispute, father sought certain of mother's medical records, claiming that she had been hospitalized for treatment for an overdose of narcotics "and thus the records were vital to determine whether or not she was fit to have custody of the children." ( Koshman , supra ,
Neither do Maya's assertions of the information Cody shared with her about her treatment, or her accompaniment of him to medical appointments that she does not identify constitute a waiver of either the physician-patient or psychotherapist-patient privileges. (See Roberts v. Superior Court (1973)
The trial court did not abuse its discretion by granting Cody's motions to quash.
Maya contends that the trial court erred when it denied her request for an order requiring Cody to pay her $100,000 to finance the litigation.
In Kevin Q. v. Lauren W. (2011)
When considering a request for attorney fees, "the trial court must determine what is just and reasonable under the circumstances, taking into consideration the parties' needs and ability to pay and the conduct of each party ." ( In re Marriage of Czapar (1991)
The portion of the trial court's order denying Maya's request for attorney fees states: "Respondent seeks an award of attorney fees of at least $100,000 (she originally sought $50,000). [Footnote.] Unfortunately, the papers do not clearly state how much of the total is allocated to the DVRO proceedings, the non-DVRO proceedings, and future proceedings. The emphasis in Respondent's papers is on [Cody]'s ability to pay the fees rather than the purpose of
"As for the fees that were incurred in connection with the DVRO proceedings, in which [Maya] did not prevail and is now restrained, Fam. Code § 6344 authorizes an award of fees to the prevailing party in such proceedings [citation], but no law has been cited authorizing an award of fees to the losing, restrained party. The discussion in In re Marriage of Cauley (2006)
As for fees incurred in connection with other issues-[Maya]'s default, on her subpoenas which have been quashed, and on custody, visitation and child support, which have been denied-it is difficult to justify an award of fees in view of the Court's rulings on the merits of these issues. As set forth in Alan S. v. Superior Court (2009)
"As for the request for fees to be incurred in the future, all significant issues have already been ruled upon and it is difficult to see any future proceedings prior to the expiration of the restraining order that would be reasonable and necessary and that would bring total fees to $100,000. The Court finds that [Maya]'s request for attorney's fees for future non-DVRO matters is not supported by the facts and circumstances and should be denied."
Our review of the record confirms the trial court's observation that there is no clear allocation of the fees requested to either the DVRO proceedings, the non-DVRO proceedings, or future proceedings. Abboud attached her bills to Maya as evidence of attorney fees, but they offer no assistance in determining how much of any bill can be attributed to any part of the litigation.
Here, the trial court considered the domestic abuse, Maya's litigation tactics, and the reasonableness and necessity of Maya's actions in the trial court, and came to a conclusion about "how to apportion the cost of the proceedings equitably between the parties under their relative circumstances." ( Falcone , supra ,
4. The Judgment
Maya does not address in her brief why the judgment should be reversed except that she believes it was entered based on her default. The trial court's order clarifies that it considered the merits of Maya's arguments "[b]ecause the best of interest of a minor child is involved ...." We have determined that the trial court did not abuse its discretion when it refused to set aside Maya's default. Even if it were error, however, we conclude that the trial court's consideration of Maya's arguments on the merits would render any error harmless. (See People ex rel. City of Santa Monica v. Gabriel (2010)
Additionally, the judgment tracks the trial court's previous orders. We have found no error in the trial court's entry of the orders upon which the judgment is based, and appellant has not presented any independent basis for us to disturb the trial court's judgment.
The trial court's judgment and orders are affirmed. The respondent is entitled to costs on appeal.
We concur:
BENDIX, J.
CURREY, J.
Notes
We refer to the parties by their first names for ease of reading.
Cody and Maya were never married. The couple signed a "Declaration of Domestic Partnership" for purposes of health insurance coverage on a form with a San Manuel Band of Mission Indians header. The form explains that the "domestic partnership shall be terminated if," among other potentially terminating events, the parties "no longer share a common residence." Presumably, then, when Cody and Maya no longer shared a common residence, their San Manuel Band of Mission Indians domestic partnership agreement terminated.
"12/12/16 order" refers to the December 20, 2016 stipulation and order. The parties dated the stipulation December 12, 2016; the trial court signed the order on December 20, 2016.
Maya's request was initially for $50,000 in attorney fees. In her reply papers, she doubled her request to $100,000.
On July 21, 2017, Maya moved to strike portions of Cody's designation of the record on appeal on the ground that Cody designated information Maya contends was improper for the trial court to consider when it decided the orders she has appealed. As noted, we do not agree that it was improper for the trial court to consider those other issues in the contexts it did so. We therefore deny Maya's motion to strike.
Associate Justice of the Court of Appeal, Second Appellate District, Division Four, assigned by the Chief Justice pursuant to article VI, section 6 of the California Constitution.