7 Ga. App. 477 | Ga. Ct. App. | 1910
In this case an attachment was sued out against A. J. Mauldin on a note in favor of the Dalton Buggy Company. FTotice of the attachment was served on the defendant, and a general judgment was entered by the court. The attachment was levied on certain personal property subsequently to the date of a hill of sale or assignment executed by A. Mauldin, purporting to he the agent of A. J. Mauldin, under seal, which instrument purported to convey to certain creditors of A. J. Mauldin his interest in the property. Ho written authority was produced which authorized A. Mauldin, as agent for A. J. Mauldin, to sign the paper, nor is there in the record any evidence that his act has even been ratified in writing by A. J. Mauldin. The defendants in error interposed a claim, based upon this instrument, and, upon the trial of the ease, the jury found the property not subject to the levy. The plaintiff filed a motion for new trial, on various grounds, and exceptions are taken to the judgment refusing a new trial. We omit ■ discussion of several of the assignments of error, for the reason that we feel sure that one error to which our attention is called in the record required a reversal 6f the judgment refusing a new trial.
1. It is immaterial whether the instrument in question he considered as a deed of assignment or as a bill of sale for the purpose of securing the indebtedness due to the creditors named therein. If the paper signed by A. Mauldin, as agent for A. J. Mauldin, be considered as an assignment, it is fatally defective in several respects. As a debtor majr, in the absence of fraud, prefer one creditor to another, we will, for the purposes of the case, treat the instrument in question as a bill of sale executed for the purpose of securing valid and subsisting debts due by the debtor to the
2. The claimants sought to show that the act of the agent in executing the contract in question had been ratified by A. J. Mauldin, the principal; and the latter so testified upon the trial. This testimony, however, was incompetent and inadmissible for the purpose of proving ratification. In Pollard v. Gibbs, supra, as well as in McCalla v. American Freehold Co., 90 Ga. 113 (15 S. E. 687), it was held that where the act of the agent is required by law to be under seal, the ratification also must be under seal. There is in this record no evidence that A. J. Mauldin so ratified the act of A. Mauldin in executing the writing in question. Even if the bill of sale had not been under seal, it was in writing, and the authority to the agent to execute must have been in writing; and by the writing only could it have been ratified.
3. Aside from this, the writing in this ease can not be vitalized by the testimony of A. J. Mauldin and others that he had ratified the execution of the bill of sale; because if the act of the agent was unauthorized on November 20, 1907, — the time that the attachments were levied and the lien of the plaintiff in error upon the property had attached, — the ratification of the principal thereafter could not in any wise affect or prejudice the rights of the attaching creditor, even if the principal had ratified the agent’s act under seal. If he did so subsequently to the levy of attachment, the ratification would not affect the attaching plaintiff’s lien. As between principal and agent, ratification relates back to the act ratified; but this ratification will not affect the rights of others, antagonistic to his, which majr have been acquired between the time of the act originally unauthorized and its ratification.
So that both for the reason that the act of A. Mauldin in executing the bill of sale was not legally shown to have been authorized, and for the reason that the evidence showed that it had not been ratified at the time the lien of the attaching creditor attached, the verdict was without evidence to support it, and the court erred in charging, without qualification, “that whatever legal right a man can do, he can delegate that right to another to perform for him; and I charge you that Jack Mauldin had the right to have his father, A. Mauldin, act for him and in his stead. I charge you
Judgment reversed.