242 Mo. 23 | Mo. | 1912
Lead Opinion
This is a garnishment proceeding by which the plaintiff seeks to recover of Blake, State Superintendent of Insurance, as successor to Vandiver, State Superintendent of Insurance, an amount sufficient to satisfy a judgment of $3544 and costs of suit, said judgment being in favor of plaintiff and against the Mercantile Town Mutual Insurance Company. The judgment was rendered by the circuit court of the city of St. Louis. Execution was issued directed to the sheriff of Cole county, and Mr. Vandiver, then State Superintendent of Insurance, was garnished.
Interrogatories were duly filed. To these interrogatories Mr. Vandiver filed answer. Plaintiff filed its denial of those answers. This denial was specific
The first question suggested by the record is, have we jurisdiction of this cause? The second is the alleged constitutional questions here for review? This requires a scanning of the record. The amount involved does not give us jurisdiction. The actual amount of cash now held by the State Superintendent of Insurance is about $3600. The amount of plaintiff’s judgment and execution is something less than that sum. But we have jurisdiction irrespective of the amount. The State Superintendent of Insurance is a State officer within the meaning of the Constitution. [State ex rel. Waddill v. Smith, 131 Mo. 176.] This fixes our jurisdiction. But going to the other question, let us see how the record stands.
In the motion for new trial the constitutionality of section 8086, Revised Statutes 1899, is challenged in some three places. Is such question in the case? Was the constitutional question timely raised? Note above the order of the pleadings. In the garnishee’s answer, among other things, he says:
“In answer to the second interrogatory, this garnishee states that prior to the time he was summoned as garnishee herein, on the 19th day of February, 1908, to-wit, on the - day of - 19, — , the defendant, Mercantile Town Mutual Insurance Company, a company operating under the provisions of article 11 of chapter 119 of the Revised Statutes of the State of Missouri, and duly organized and existing as a town mutual company, did deposit with this garnishee, as Superintendent of the Insurance Department of the State of Missouri, certain securities, consisting of one note of the Laclede Mutual Fire & Marine Insurance Company for $7500, secured by a deed of trust on certain real estate in the city of St. Louis, Missouri, and one note of the Norris Real Es
Then follows a similar statement as to another judgment against said insurance company rendered by the circuit court of the city of St. Louis.
These are followed by a statement to the effect that, in obedience to the orders made by Judge Eby in the one judgment, and Judge Reynolds on the other, the said State Superintendent of Insurance had advertised and sold the securities aforesaid, and had received therefor the net sum of $3650, which he held in his hands as such official. The answer also avers that the garnishee is not subject to garnishment for a fund thus held. It must be noted that the garnishee in his answer specially refers to and relies upon section 8086, Eevised Statutes 1899. He says that the orders of the two circuit judges were made by authority of that section, and that he had acted thereunder himself in selling the securities. These two judgments and the two orders were prior in time to the judgment and execution of the plaintiff. It will be noticed that the garnishee planted himself in his answer to the plaintiff’s interrogatories squarely behind the provisions of said section 8086, supra. To this answer the plaintiff filed its denial, but not a word is said about the constitutionality of the statute relied upon and pleaded by the garnishee. In its denial of the garnishee’s answer the constitutionality of the statute relied upon could have been assailed and should have been assailed. These documents constitute the pleadings in a garnishment proceeding. The rule of this court is that so grave a question must be lodged at the first opportunity, or it will be deemed to have been waived. If it can be appropriately and naturally raised in the pleadings, and thereby be a question lodged in the record proper, such is the time and place to raise it.
The above was quoted with approval in State v. Gamma, 215 Mo. l. c. 104.
In the later case of Hartzler v. Street Ry. Co., 218 Mo. l. c. 564, we again reiterated the rule thus: “It becomes apparent from an examination made of the record that the constitutional question, in due course of orderly procedure below, could have been put in the case by the answer, or in the instructions, or in other timely ways, so as to save it. The motion for a new trial was not the first door open for the question to enter, and in our later decisions we have ruled that a question of such gravity must be raised as soon as orderly procedure will allow. This, in order that the trial court may be treated fairly and the question get into the case under correct safeguards and ear-marked as of substance and not mere color.”
So in the case at bar. Vandiver’s answer to the interrogatories pleaded the statute. Plaintiff filed a written denial of that answer in order to make up the issue. That denial does not challenge the constitutionality of the law. Under such circumstances the challenge for the. first time, after judgment, in the motion for new trial, comes too late, and such question must be deemed as waived by plaintiff. This question is therefore eliminated from our consideration. Were this not a case wherein we had jurisdiction for another reason, we would have to certify it to the Court of Appeals, because the alleged constitutional question was not timely raised. If the question was not sufficiently lodged in the case to give us jurisdiction, it is
II. With the constitutionality of section 8086, Eevised Statutes 1899, out of the case, as above indicated, there is but little left to it. As indicated above there were two judgments against the insurance company prior to plaintiff’s judgment. On each an execution had been issued and in each case the judge or court entering the judgment had by written order directed the Superintendent of Insurance to sell the securities and satisfy the executions. All this was done long prior to the issuance of plaintiff’s execution on the 18th day of February, 1908. The three judgments involved were rendered in the following order: Boone Tobacco Co. v. Mercantile Town Mutual Insurance Co., judgment for plaintiff for $3543.75, November 23, 1907, in the Louisiana Court of Common Pleas. Execution was issued February 1, 1908, and served February 3, 1908, by delivering a copy to the State Superintendent of Insurance, together with a written order from Judge Eby, judge of the court entering such judgment, directing the said State Superintendent of Insurance tó satisfy such execution by selling a sufficient amount of the securities held by him and belonging to said insurance company. [Hill & Griffith Co. v. Ins. Co., judgment in circuit court of city of St. Louis for plaintiff in sum of $3547.60.] Execution was issued February 6, 1908, order of the circuit judge on February 7, 1908, and each served on February 11, 1908. Plaintiff’s judgment was procured February 8, 1908, and his execution issued February 18, 1908, and service made February 19, 1908. From this it will appear that the other two policyholders and judgment creditors had taken all steps required by section 8088,
“In case any policyholder shall obtain a final judgment against any such company, and such judgment shall not be appealed from, and such judgment shall remain unpaid for a period of sixty days after the final adjournment of the term, of court at which such judgment may be rendered, execution may issue upon such judgment, and the said superintendent shall be required to sell a sufficient amount of said securities to satisfy said execution, and the court rendering such judgment or the judge thereof in vacation may by a written order direct the superintendent to satisfy said execution as herein provided.”
The prior judgment creditors had done everything required of them by this statute. They had caused execution to issue after the expiration of the time mentioned in the statute. They had procured the written order of the judge to the State Superintendent in each case, and this order, together with a copy of the execution, had been served upon the State Superintendent. And all this before plaintiff acted at all toward the impounding of this fund.
If this statute is valid, and we must so take it in this case, because not challenged in time, then this fund had been impounded by prior creditors, before the service of the garnishment. It was first impounded in the Tobacco Co. case. As shown by the record the proceeds of the sale was not enough to satisfy the first two judgments. There was no balance to be reached by garnishment, even if garnishment could reach the fund. Under the terms of this statute the judgment nisi was right and should be affirmed. Under this statute the Superintendent should sell the securities and pay out the funds in the order of priority. By this we mean, that when the Superintendent was first served with the written order of Judge Eby in the Tobacco Co, case, that service in law impounded in his
Let the judgment be affirmed.
SEPAEATE OPINION.
Concurrence Opinion
I concur in the result reached in this case by my learned brother Graves for the reason that in my opinion the Superintendent of Insurance is not amenable to the writ of garnishment. If he has in his hands a fund out of which a creditor of an insurance company is entitled to be paid, he may be amenable to a writ of mandamus, but that is different in character and effect from a writ of garnishment.
I concur in. what is said as to the necessity of timely action in the trial court to raise a constitutional question in order to give this court jurisdiction on that ground, but I am of the opinion that in a case where this court on another ground has jurisdiction, if there is a vital constitutional question in the case it may be raised here for the first time.