130 Mo. App. 576 | Mo. Ct. App. | 1908
This action was brought to enforce a special taxbill issued for grading^ streets in the city of St. Joseph, a city of the second class. The judgment in the trial court was for the plaintiff.
The sole question is one of pleading. . The plaintiff pleaded the making and issue of the taxbill, giving the date and contents thereof. He also duly alleged that defendant owned the property charged. The bill was filed with the petition. In short, the petition met the requirement of section 5664, Revised Statutes 1899, of the charter of cities of the second class. The answer was a general denial and under such answer the defendant offered in evidence certain court records necessary to authorize the proceeding, which were in relation to the assessment of damages and benefits and authorizing the city to proceed with the grading of the street. The court ruled that no evidence of that character could be received under a general denial; that it should have been specially pleaded; and gave a peremptory instruction to find for the plaintiff.
The law of pleading is well established in this State that defense's which are denominated new matter and which must be specially pleaded are only those matters which have arisen since the cause of action arose. There is no such thing as “new matter” to that which never had legal existence. So it is well said that “A. defendant is required to plead affirmatively only matters in the nature of confession and avoidance, that is matters which, though the statement in the petition may be true, would nevertheless defeat the action, as for example, release, payment, accord and satisfaction.” [Jones v. Rush, 156 Mo. 364.] If a cause of action has not existed, the proper answer is a general denial and any evidence which will show that it never had legal existence is admissible under such denial. [Greenway v. James, 34 Mo. 326; Hudson v. Railroad, 101 Mo. 13; Northrup v. Insurance Co., 47 Mo. 444.] Thus in an action for damages for non-performance of a written contract,’if the contract was valid, but had in some way been discharged, that would be new matter; but, if it was forged, the forgery would not be new matter and need not be pleaded. A showing of forgery would be a showing that the alleged cause of action never existed and hence is fully covered by a simple denial. Whatever is necessary for a plaintiff to prove in order to make out his case is met by a general denial. There
In this case it was necessary for plaintiff to prove that he had a valid lien subject to enforcement against defendant’s property. It took, of course, several proper steps or legal proceedings (to finally take the form of a taxbill as a valid lien on the defendant’s property. The omission of these would prevent the proceeding ripening into a valid taxbill and lien — would show that the lien and bill never had arisen or been brought into existence. Therefore a general denial should, let in such evidence.
It is no answer to this position to say that the taxbill itself is prima-facie evidence of its validity and' therefore that all proper proceedings were taken. The charter above quoted so declares; but, after all, it is evidence introduced by the plaintiff of the regularity of all the proceedings anterior, to the taxbill. The holder of the bill by legal intendment alleges the several steps necessary to a taxbill and its regularity, by alleging the issuance of the bill, and he proves this by introducing the bill. The fact that the statute shortens his pleading and his proof by making one allegation and one instrument of evidence stand, for the other requisites does not, and reasonably could not, change the rule under discussion.
In our opinion the identical question has been decided by the Supreme Court. [State ex rel. v. Rau, 93 Mo. 126.] That was an action for delinquent taxes where the statute provides what the petition shall show, and wherein it is provided that the taxbill shall be prima-facie evidence that the amount claimed is just and correct, thus making a prima-facie case for the plaintiff. The answer in that case, besides containing a general denial, set up specially certain facts which
The ruling of the trial court was doubtless based on remarks occurring in several cases in this court and
In the case of Vieths v. Planet Company, 64 Mo. App. 207, the defense sought to be made is not shown. The record did not show whether tjie defense consisted of new matter arising subsequent, or whether it went to the origin of a cause of action. It is true that the general remark is made that if the owner of the property wished to show either the imperfect execution of the Avork arising subsequent to the cause of action “or any other fact which goes to the legality or extent of the charge,” he cannot do so under a general denial. This language must have had reference to matters arising subsequently which, affected the legality of the charge, The language could not have been intended to be interpreted in the full breadth of plaintiff’s contention, for, if so, it would require a defendant to plead speci
The case of Huling v. Bandera Stone Co., 87 Mo. App. 349, was where the property-owner as plaintiff sought to annul a taxbill as a cloud on his property. In such case, as a plaintiff seeking affirmative relief, he must, of course, set up in his petition his ground for declaring it void. The case has no application here. The remaining case cited is that of Hill Const. Co. v. Hutchinson, 100 Mo. App. 294. We do not see that it applies to the case in hand.
The- foregoing view leads to a reversal of the judgment and remanding the cause.