286 Mass. 192 | Mass. | 1934
This is an appeal from a final decree upon a master’s report. The bill was brought by the owners of two dwelling houses, situated on Mount Vernon Street, in Lawrence, Massachusetts, to enjoin an alleged continuing trespass, an alleged private nuisance, and for the recovery
Upon the completion of the pleadings the case was sent to a master. The master’s report, duly filed, discloses the following facts: The Essex Company is the owner of an undeveloped tract "of land on Mount Vernon Street, opposite the premises owned by the plaintiffs. On the southerly part of the undeveloped land a rocky ridge rises to a height considerably above the levels of the northerly part, but only slightly above the levels of Mount Vernon Street. In the part of the ridge opposite the premises of the plaintiffs there is a large ledge the top of which forms the highest point of the ridge. The northerly side of the ledge presents an open face of rock, which has been subjected to quarrying operations for many years. In 1857, the Essex Company leased the ledge for quarrying purposes and, excepting certain intervals, from that date to the present time quarrying has been done by various lessees of the Essex Company. On October 1, 1926, the Essex Company leased for a term of ten years to the stone company (then called the B & J Construction Company) the ledge with rights of way thereto, giving the lessee “the exclusive right to quarry and take stone from” the said ledge. Under the lease “the lessor reserved no direction, supervision, or control over blasting at the ledge or any quarrying operations.” As a matter of fact, “While the present lease has been in operation, the Essex Company has not done and has not had any control over any of the blasting described or referred to in the plaintiffs’ bill of complaint. No complaint has been made by any plaintiff to the Essex Company about the said blasting or any injury therefrom prior to the bringing of this suit. Further, the Essex Company had no knowledge of the way in which the blasting was done or of any injuries caused thereby to the plaintiffs or their properties. From October 1, 1926, all blasting and quarrying at the ledge
The plaintiff Katherine C. Currier has lived in the vicinity of the ledge for about fifty years. She purchased the property on Mount Vernon Street about thirty years ago, and at that time knew of the existence of the ledge, its use for quarrying purposes, and the fact that blasting “was done to some extent when the ledge was operated.” The plaintiffs Frank P. Currier and Katherine F. Currier had lived in the vicinity of the ledge when they built a bungalow on Mount Vernon Street opposite the land upon which the quarry was operated. Frank P. Currier denied knowledge of any blasting before 1930, but the master found, and his findings are to be taken as true, that he knew when the bungalow was built that blasting had been done at the ledge to some extent. The master further found that the plaintiff Katherine F. Currier had lived in the vicinity for about twelve years. She testified that she had observed the effect of the blasting ever since 1928, but the master states that he was “unable from the evidence to find that any blasting was done at the ledge from the time she began to reside in the locality [i.e., during twelve years] up to the time the bungalow was built, or that she had any knowledge of blasting at the ledge before the building of the bungalow” in 1926. The master finds that the bungalow, and the farmhouse of the plaintiff Katherine C. Currier were distant six hundred thirty, and nine hundred fifteen feet, respectively, from the face of the ledge where the blasting complained of was done. Although blasting was done before 1930, since that time “it has been done much more frequently, extensively, and violently.” The ledge referred to is about sixty feet high and is constantly receding toward Mount Vernon Street as stone is removed in the progress of quarrying. Since 1930 deep blasts have been employed to loosen and throw down stones from the face of the ledge.
“When blasting is done at the ledge a warning is given to the workmen in the quarry, but no warning has been given to the plaintiffs or anyone on their premises or on Mount Vernon Street.” At various times during the blasting seasons since April, 1930, pieces of rock have been thrown upon the premises of the plaintiffs. Three stones were exhibited at the hearing before the master. “One weighed 1.984 pounds, another 1.703 pounds and a third 3.125 pounds.” In July, 1932, a piece of stone the size of a man’s hand was thrown by a blast and struck an automobile near which the son of a tenant of the bungalow was standing. During the blasting season of 1933, at various times, pieces of broken stone have been thrown by the
On the above findings the stone company concedes that the throwing of stones as found by the master occurred, and that his findings are conclusive, but contends that the throwing of stones does not enter into normal quarry operation, and is in its nature accidental; and that if the trespasses occur often enough an injunction is warranted. It states in its brief that “This appeal is not particularly directed to that part of the report, nor to the action of the court upon it, but is principally concerned with that aspect of the case arising from the allegations of damage by vibration in the normal course of operating the quarry.” Respecting the evidence introduced in reference to vibrations caused by the blasting and injury therefrom, the master found that the plaintiffs had not sustained the burden of proof relative to the other contentions that such vibrations had caused the cracking of plaster and window glass in the farmhouse, the cracking of plaster and masonry in the bungalow, and the cracking of window glass and the sinking of timbers in the barn. But he does find that the deep blasts caused vibrations in the neighborhood which very perceptibly shook the houses of the plaintiffs and are a source of reasonable apprehension and alarm to persons on the properties of the plaintiffs; that on one occasion such vibrations have put out of order a radio in the farmhouse; that on another occasion they have put out of order a radio in a house adjacent to the bungalow on the west of the plaintiffs’ property; and that on still another occasion they have thrown down a mirror hanging in the house of such person. He further found “that the deep blasting as now done is so powerful and violent as to cause vibrations which are dangerous to the properties of the plaintiffs and render them less desirable for use and less marketable while blasts which cause such vibrations are
The first objection of the defendant stone company is to the finding that the vibrations were dangerous. This objection seems to be based upon the theory that the damages were awarded for the reason that the vibrations arose from the mere negligence of the stone company, and that they were dangerous and a source of reasonable apprehension and alarm to the plaintiffs Frank P. and Katherine F. Currier. If we assume, but without so deciding, that blasts which cause concussions of the air and are a reasonable source of apprehension and alarm to persons affected by the vibrations do not give an action for damages to persons injured, against persons negligently operating the blasts, unless their
The evidence was ample to support the finding of negligence in the operation of the blasts, and this negligence is to be found both in the size of the blast and in the manner of operating it. Indeed the throwing of stones on the lands of the plaintiffs in the way shown by the report was a private nuisance for which the plaintiffs suffering damages were entitled to reimbursement. Hakkila v. Old Colony Broken Stone & Concrete Co. 264 Mass. 447.
The final objection of the defendant stone company is that the master has not found and reported the subsidiary facts upon which he bases the conclusion of fact found by him, and also because certain facts found are inconsistent with certain other specific facts found. A motion to recommit to the master was denied by the judge. The allowance of this motion was discretionary, especially as it appears by the certificate of the master attached to the report that “The evidence was not taken by a stenographer selected or approved by the master before any evidence was introduced, and there has been no special order of the Court for such
The defendant stone company’s exceptions to the master’s report were overruled and the plaintiffs’ motion to confirm the report was granted by an interlocutory decree. A final decree was entered in the form which follows: “This case came on to be further heard and thereupon, it is ordered, adjudged and decreed: (1) That the defendant, Essex Company, its officers, servants, agents and attorneys be and they are perpetually enjoined from leasing the said ledge owned by them for quarrying purposes in which blasting is used which will throw stones or cause the said stones to fall on the premises of the petitioners, or cause the, houses or buildings of the plaintiffs to be shaken or damaged by vibrations or concussions to such an extent as to interfere with the reasonable comfort of and the reasonable enjoyment of the property of the plaintiffs. (2) That the defendant, Lawrence Crushed Stone Company, its officers, servants, agents and attorneys be and they are perpetually enjoined from so operating the ledge as to cause stones or fragments of stone to fall or be thrown upon the plaintiffs’ premises; and to so regulate the blasts that the houses and other buildings of the petitioners will not be damaged by the vibrations or concussions; and that the reasonable comfort of the plaintiffs and their reasonable enjoyment of the premises shall not be interfered with. (3) That as and for damages suffered by the plaintiff^, Katherine F. and Frank P. Currier on account of the wrongful acts of the defendants and of the nuisances by it committed, the defendants pay to the petitioners above named the sum of $200 each, and that costs be assessed in the sum of $26.90 against the said defendants.” This decree so far as it commands action by the Essex Company, its officers, servants, agents and attorneys is without support in the findings of the master. Earle v. Hall, 2 Met. 353. Hilliard v. Richardson, 3 Gray, 349, 354. Caldwell v. Slade, 156 Mass. 84, 86. Marston v. Rose, 275 Mass. 443. Compare McConnon v. Charles H. Hodgate Co. 282 Mass.
Ordered accordingly.