96 Ga. 489 | Ga. | 1895
John A. Cureton, the owner of certain mill property-in Dade county, Ga., executed to G. W. Cureton a mortgage covering the land on which the mill was situated, the mill and mill-dam and “all mill-fixtures.” The mortgage was executed on July 13, 1891, and was recorded July 17,1891. The mortgagor and his partner Bowman were then operating the mill, and a part of the mill machinery consisted of a plauer, belting and shafting which they had purchased from Cunningham & Co. of Chattanooga, Tenn., with the understanding that the title was to remain in the vendors until the purchase price should be paid. On July 20,1891, the mortgagor and Bowman made and delivered to Cunningham & Co. a note for the purchase price of this machinery, containing a reservation of title in the vendors until the note should be paid. On July 22, 1891, three notes containing a like reservation of title were made and delivered to Cunningham & Co. by the same parties for the purchase price of a moulder which had been shipped to them on July 13th, 1891. The moulder was attached to the floor by bolts, and all of the machinery was “placed there to stay.” The notes were recorded on February 4, 1892, without probate, none of them having a subscribing witness. Subsequently G. W. Cureton, having foreclosed his mortgage, caused the mill property to be sold, and at the sale bought the property himself and took possession of it. Cunningham & Co. thereupon filed their equitable petition, alleging that the machinery which they had sold to John A. Cureton and Bowman was not covered by the mortgage given to G. W. Cureton; and praying judgment against John A. Cureton and Bowman on the notes, that a lien be declared in their favor on the machinery, superior to any other lien, that the machinery be sold in satisfaction of said lien, and that G. W. Cure-ton account to them for the rent of the machinery, etc.
2, 3. The reservation of title in the vendors of the machinery having been recorded without due attestation or probate, the record did not operate as constructive notice to the mortgagee (Code, §§1955a, 1959); and it was admitted that he did not have actual notice prior to the execution of the mortgage. Moreover there could not be any reservation of title as against third persons, unless the contract was attested in the manner prescribed by the statute. (Merchants Bank v. Cottrell, ante, 168.) It was contended that compliance with the law of this State as to the execution and recording of such contracts was not essential, inasmuch as the notes were executed and made payable in the State of Tennessee, and were therefore governed by the law of that State, under which no writing was necessary to render the reservation of title good as against third persons. We do not agree with counsel in this contention. Where the property is brought into this State, the requirements which our law imposes for the benefit of third persons, as to the attestation and recording of such contracts, are not dispensed with by the fact that it was purchased or is to be
4. It is complained that the court erred in treating the machinery in question as a part of the realty and holding that it was included in the mortgage. The mortgage, as we have seen, covered expressly not only the land and the mill, but all the “mill-fixtures.” Even if it had been less specific than it was on this point, it would be held to cover everything properly embraced in the term “fixtures.” When land is conveyed, whatever fixtures are annexed to the realty at the time of the conveyance pass with the estate to the vendee, unless there be some express provision to the contrary; and fixtures pass to a bona fide purchaser of the real estate, notwithstanding an agreement between the owner of the land and the vendor of the fixtures that they should remain personal property. The same rules as to fixtures which apply as between vendor and vendee apply also as between mortgagor and mortgagee. 8 Am. & Eng. Enc. of Law, pp. 53, 55, 56, and cases cited. And a mortgage on the land, in the absence of any agreement to the contrary, includes not only such fixtures as are attached to the realty at the time of its execution, but such as may be annexéd subsequently. Id. 50. Our code declares that “ realty or real estate includes all lands and the buildings thereon, and all things permanently attached to either.” “ Anything intended to remain permanently in its place, though not actually attached to the land, such as a rail fence, is a part of the realty
In the case of Waycross Opera House Co. v. Sossman, 94 Ga. 100, it was held that scenery and other articles constituting the stage and scenic outfit of an opera house, though in a strict sense some of them may not be fixtures, are a part and parcel of the edifice as such, the same being essential to the completeness of a building of that class. Tested by the same rule, we think the machinery in question should be held to be a part of the realty, so far as the mortgagee is concerned. There is some conflict in the decisions of other courts on this subject, but the rule sustained by the weight of authority, we think, is, that “whatever is placed in a building subject to a mortgage, by a mortgagor or those claiming under him, to carry out the obvious purpose for which it was erected, or permanently to increase its
Under the facts of this case, therefore, the court did not err in holding that the machinery in question was covered by the mortgage, and that the plaintiffs were not entitled to a lien upon it as against the mortgagee.
Judgment affirmed.