40 Conn. App. 36 | Conn. App. Ct. | 1996
The plaintiff, David Cummings, appeals from a decision of the compensation review board (board) denying him temporary total disability benefits pursuant to the workers’ compensation statutes. He asserts that the board improperly (1) held that no notice of intention to discontinue temporary total disability benefits was required, (2) affirmed the commissioner’s decision despite concluding that she had relied in part on a document that was marked for identification only and had made findings that were beyond the scope of the hearing, (3) affirmed the denial of the plaintiffs motion to submit additional evidence, and (4) affirmed the commissioner’s refusal to recuse herself. We affirm the decision of the board.
The record discloses the following factual and procedural history. On December 7, 1984, the plaintiff sustained a compensable injury in the course of his employment and filed a claim for workers’ compensation benefits. On May 14, 1990, following a hearing, Commissioner James Metro found that the plaintiff had attained maximum medical improvement from his injuries on October 30,1986. Metro also found that the plaintiff had a permanent disability of 55 percent of the brain, for which Metro awarded him 156 weeks of specific benefits. Those benefits were paid and are not at issue here. Further, Metro found that the plaintiff had become temporarily totally disabled again on November 6,1989, and that the disability continued to May 14,1990. Metro ordered the defendant employer and its defendant workers’ compensation insurance carrier to pay temporary total disability benefits for that period. For reasons that are not apparent on the record, the defendants continued to make payments until December, 1991.
“As a preliminary matter, we note that when a decision of a commissioner is appealed to the review [board], the review [board] is obligated to hear the appeal on the record of the hearing before the commissioner and not to retry the facts.” Vanzant v. Hall, 219 Conn. 674, 677, 594 A.2d 967 (1991). The commissioner must determine the facts. Castro v. Viera, 207 Conn. 420, 435, 541 A.2d 1216 (1988). “The conclusions drawn by him from the facts found must stand unless they result from an incorrect application of the law to the subordinate facts or from an inference illegally or unreasonably drawn from them.” Adzima v. UAC/Norden Division, 177 Conn. 107, 118, 411 A.2d 924 (1979). “Our scope of review of the actions of the review [board] is similarly limited.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Romanski v. West Hartford, 34 Conn. App. 307, 316, 641 A.2d 439 (1994).
I
The plaintiff first claims that the defendants were required to file a Form 36
Metro correctly found temporary total incapacity only to the date of the evidentiary hearing, and made no finding of total incapacity beyond that date. A commissioner cannot make a finding of temporary total incapacity beyond the date of the most recent evidentiary hearing. Neurath v. UTC/Pratt & Whitney, 7 Conn. Workers’ Comp. Rev. Op. 99, 100 (1989). “[T]otal incapacity becomes a matter of continuing proof for the period claimed. . . .[Additional proceedings are necessary to provide the requisite factual basis for a conclusion of continued total incapacity.” Id.; Besade v. Interstate Security Services, 6 Conn. Workers’ Comp. Rev. Op. 83, 87, aff'd, 212 Conn. 441, 562 A.2d 1086 (1989). In the present case, there would have to be a new claim and a new hearing before a finding of total incapacity for any further period could be made.
The plaintiff argues to the contrary in reliance on Platt v. UTC/Pratt & Whitney, 3 Workers’ Comp. Rev. Op. 3 (1985). In Platt, the commissioner had awarded temporary total incapacity benefits for a specific period. The defendant discontinued benefits before the termi
The board in Platt held that a Form 36 is required to be filed “in certain instances before the employer is allowed to discontinue payments of compensation for total or partial incapacity.” Platt v. UTC/Pratt & Whitney, supra, 3 Workers’ Comp. Rev. Op. 6. It explained that a Form 36 is required only where “an employee is receiving compensation for total or partial incapacity under an agreement, oral or written, [or] an award . . . and the employee contends that his incapacity still continues, if the employer intends to discontinue such payments . . . .” Id., 7. Because benefits had been awarded beyond the date on which the plaintiff returned to work, the board found that a Form 36 was required.
Platt can be distinguished from the present case. In Platt, the defendant sought to terminate benefits that were previously awarded to the plaintiff. To terminate payments prior to the date set forth in the award was tantamount to altering the award without notice or a hearing and without the consent of the commissioner. In the present case, as in Platt, the award provided for payment for a definite time period. Unlike the defendant in Platt, however, the defendants in this case discontinued payments only after making all of the payments ordered in the award.
It is implicit in the statutory scheme that General Statutes § 31-296 does not apply where the award is limited by its own terms. “In construing a statute, common sense must be used, and the courts will assume
II
The plaintiff next asserts that the board improperly affirmed the commissioner’s decision after striking paragraph eight of her findings, and paragraph C and a portion of paragraph E of her conclusions. The board struck paragraph eight of the commissioner’s decision because it was based on a report that was marked for identification only and was not made a full exhibit. The board struck paragraph C and a part of paragraph E because those findings related to the plaintiffs future need for medical care, whereas the sole issue before the commissioner was whether the plaintiff was entitled to temporary total disability benefits from December, 1991, to the date of the hearing. The plaintiff argues that the portions of the testimony remaining after removal of those portions of the decision do not support the board’s finding that the plaintiff was not totally disabled from December, 1991, to the date of the hearing. The plaintiffs assertion would place the burden on the wrong party. On a claim for workers’ compensation benefits, the burden of proof is on the claimant. Tovish v. Gerber Electronics, 19 Conn. App. 273, 275, 562 A.2d 76, cert. denied, 212 Conn. 814, 565 A.2d 538 (1989). A claimant must prove that “(1) the workers’ compensation commission has jurisdiction over the claim; (2) the claim has been timely brought ... (3) the claimant is a qualified claimant ... (4) the respondent is a covered
As to the issue of total disability, the plaintiff offered the expert testimony of Alan Russakov, a physiatrist, as to the plaintiffs need for continuing treatment. In addition, on the basis of the case summary of John K. Stanwood, a clinical psychologist, the commissioner found that the plaintiff had seen Stanwood for supportive psychotherapy from November 7, 1991, to the date of the hearing, and that the plaintiff was, at the time of the hearing, being seen on only a “sporadic” basis. The defendants did not offer evidence that the plaintiff was not totally incapacitated during the claimed period.
The commissioner specifically rejected Russakov’s testimony. She therefore concluded that the plaintiff had not met his burden of proof in attempting to establish his total incapacity during the period in question. The commissioner found that “[n]o evidence was introduced at the formal hearing that the [plaintiff] is now, or was during December 1991 to the present, totally disabled or partially disabled.”
The plaintiff argues that the board could not uphold the commissioner’s findings and conclusions after striking certain findings because “there was no other evidence in the record indicating that the [plaintiffs] condition had improved since the last hearing, when he was found by another commissioner to be totally disabled.” The plaintiff not only attempts to place the burden of proof on the defendants, but also argues that because he offered evidence and the defendants did not introduce any contrary evidence, the court was required to accept his evidence. The law does not support this proposition.
In State v. Blades, 225 Conn. 609, 625, 626 A.2d 273 (1993), the defendant offered evidence at trial that he suffered from extreme emotional disturbance. The prosecution offered no evidence to the contrary and the defendant was convicted of murder. On appeal, the defendant argued that the trial court improperly concluded that he failed to prove his affirmative defense of extreme emotional disturbance by a preponderance of the evidence.
“[T]he trier of fact can disbelieve any or all of the evidence . . . and can construe that evidence in a manner different from the parties’ assertions .... On this record, we conclude that the trial court could reasonably have concluded that the defendant had failed to prove, by a preponderance of the evidence, the existence of extreme emotional disturbance.” (Citation omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) Id., 629-30.
The plaintiff also argues that erroneously admitted evidence is presumed to have been injurious in its effect, unless the contrary is shown, and that a reversal for admission of improper testimony is required even if the same fact was proven by proper testimony, unless it is clear that the erroneous testimony could not have been prejudicial.
We do not conclude that the removal of the improper findings affected the outcome. Because of the lack of credible evidence, the commissioner did not find that the plaintiff was totally incapacitated for the claimed period. The remaining evidence was not made more
III
The plaintiff next claims that the board should have granted his request to submit additional evidence. The plaintiff offered two sentences and no analysis in his appellate brief on this issue.
IV
Finally, the plaintiff claims that the commissioner should have recused herself from his case as a result
First, this issue was not presented to or decided by the board. At oral argument in this appeal, the plaintiff stated that part of the evidence that he sought to submit under his request to submit additional evidence was in connection with the issue of ex parte communications between the plaintiff and the commissioner. Neither the request to submit additional evidence nor the amended motion to submit additional evidence, however, mentions the issue of ex parte contacts. The arrest warrant affidavit to which the plaintiff refers in his brief was not submitted to the board or to this court on appeal. The plaintiff did not request that the commissioner disqualify herself until two and one-half months after the commissioner rendered her decision. Further, in his request for disqualification the plaintiff requested that the commissioner “disqualify and remove herself from all further proceedings.” (Emphasis added.) The commissioner’s decision that is challenged on appeal was dated October 20,1992. Since the request for disqualification was not submitted until January 13,1993, it does not apply to the decision at issue in this appeal. It is well settled that courts will not review claims of judicial bias where the issue of prejudice was not properly raised in the prior proceedings. Krattenstein v. G. Fox & Co., 155 Conn. 609, 615-16, 236 A.2d 466 (1967); Pagni v. Corneal, 13 Conn. App. 468, 472, 537 A.2d 520, cert. denied, 207 Conn. 810, 541 A.2d 1239 (1988); Trapp v. Trapp, 6 Conn. App. 143, 145, 503 A.2d 1187 (1986); see Practice Book § 4185. This issue was not properly raised before the commissioner or the board, and is, therefore, not properly before this court.
The decision of the compensation review board is affirmed.
In this opinion the other judges concurred.
“Form 36 is a notice to the compensation commissioner and the claimant of the intention of the employer and its insurer to discontinue compensation payments.” Imbrogno v. Stamford Hospital, 28 Conn. App. 113, 120 n.4, 612 A.2d 82, cert. denied, 223 Conn. 920, 615 A.2d 507 (1992). General Statutes § 31-296 sets forth the contents of this form.
General Statutes § 31-300 provides in pertinent part: “No employer . . . shall discontinue or reduce payment on account of total or partial incapacity
The plaintiff argued in his reply brief that the defendants continued payments beyond the date of the 1990 decision of Metro through December 31, 1991. Even if this is the case, such payments were not made pursuant to the award, nor does the plaintiff claim that they were made pursuant to an agreement. The plaintiff cites no authority for the proposition that the employer must file a notice that it intends to discontinue payments that it is not required to make in the first place.
The board stated the following in footnote 2 of its opinion: “In her finding and dismissal, the trial commissioner found that ‘[t]he opinion of Dr. Alan Russakov concerning total disability of the claimant from December 15, 1990 to the present is not supported by the evidence which was introduced
The entire briefing on this issue is as follows: “The [board] denied claimants’ Motion to Submit Additional Evidence stating in its decision that the claimant did not comply with Connecticut State Agencies Regulations § 31-301-9. However, the [board] gave no indication of why the claimant’s submission fell short of meeting those requirements, and a comparison of the Motion to the regulation does not yield an answer.”
We note that the plaintiffs request to submit additional evidence, dated December 20, 1992, failed to comply with § 31-301-9 of the Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies because he failed to offer any reasons for the
See part III.