200 F. 657 | 6th Cir. | 1912
This is an appeal, under section 129 of the Judicial Code,
“If the only power given to pass ordinances be by a general provision, the provision would be liberally construed. But if the general grant is given •in connection with, or at the end of, a long list of specific powers, the power conferred by the general clause would be restricted by reference to the other provisions of the act. Even in the broadest view, the general power would only authorize suitable ordinances tor administering the government of the city, the preservation of tiie health and comfort of its inhabitants, the convenient transaction of business within its limits, and for the performance of its general duties required by law of municipal corporations. It would not authorize general legislation proper only for the Legislature of the state. To sustain such legislation by a municipal council, there must be special authority.”
To say that section 4 goes further is to beg the question, because that section extends only to things “within the local governments instituted by the act,” and if a particular matter like rate legislation is not within the local government already instituted by the act, then it is not covered by this section.
“That the legislative council shall have power to pass for the government of the city any ordinance not in conflict with the Constitution or laws of the United States or of the state of Tennessee.”
This is not a general power to pass any ordinance affecting the rights of property or of persons within the city; it is only “for the government of the city.” Whether a rate-regulating ordinance is a matter that fairly pertains to the operation of the established city government is the very question in issue. If it does, it is covered by the act of 1879; if it does not, it is not reached by the act of 1905.
With this view of the city’s charter powers, it must follow that the controlling issue here is whether the power to regulate telephone rates is necessary to the due and efficient exercise of the instituted city government; and the question so stated must be answered in the negative, whether we mean “reasonably necessary” or “inevitably necessary.” Detroit Citizens’ Street R. Co. v. Detroit Ry. Co., 171 U. S. 48, 54, 18 Sup. Ct. 732, 734 (43 L. Ed. 67). To regulate and control the use of the streets by telephone companies is a natural incident of municipal government (although here expressly granted, see City of Memphis v. Postal Company [C. C. A. 6] 145 Fed. 602, 76 C. C. A. 292), and this control involves the right to bargain for such use before the right is granted (as it has been here expressly granted); but these things pertain to relations between the city and the company. They do not touch the contract relations between the company and- its patrons. A city telephone exchange is not strictly local; this company is part of an interstate system; other communities are interested in the service. There are ample reasons why the state Legislature might wish to reserve this power to itself, and there is no reason why it is essential to the city. Accordingly, the decided cases denv this power to a city, unless specifically granted. City of St. Louis v. Telephone Co., 96 Mo. 623, 10 S. W. 197, 2 L. R. A. 278, 9 Am. St. Rep. 370; State v. City of Sheboygan, 111 Wis. 39, 86 N. W. 657; Mills v. City of Chicago (C. C.) 127 Fed. 731.
“The legislative council of such taxing district is hereby vested, with the power and authority to fix and regulate, from time to time, within reasonable limits, the scale of charges for the product or service of all district telegraph companies, gas companies, street ear companies, belt line companies, switching companies, now or hereafter enjoying or operating any rights or privileges to use or occupy any of the streets, alleys or public grounds within the territory of such taxing district.”
It is a familiar rule of statutory construction, declared by the highest courts, both of the United States and of Tennessee (Blair v. Chi
"A statute which is amended is thereafter, and as to all acts subsequently done, io be construed as if the amendment had always been there, and the amendment itself so thoroughly becomes a part of the original statute that it must' be construed in view of the original statute as it stands after the amendments have been introduced.’’ Endlicli on Statutes, § 29T.
Applying this rule, we find that, whatever construction might otherwise be given to broad and general language in the charter, it specifically grants this particular power of rate regulation with regard to other companies of the same general class, and that in this enumeration of analogous public service companies telephone companies are not mentioned. No reason is suggested why this specific mention was necessary as to telegraph or electric light companies, and not necessary as to telephone companies, and apparently this omission must be the result of a deliberate legislative intent to reserve and not to grant the power of rate regulation for telephone companies. Seldom is there a case so clearly calling for the application of the maxim “inclusio uiiius,’’ etc.
Tn 1607 the city of Memphis passed an ordinance very similar to the one now involved. The complainant filed a bill similar to the present .bill, and a motion for injunction was heard before the late Judge Clark. In his opinion he considers only section 21 of the act of 1905, and it is perhaps a fair inference that the defendant relied upon this section as its strongest and clearest warrant of authority for the ordinance. Judge Clark .said:
“This must be construed ;is having reference only to the ordinary powers and authority exercised by municipal corporations, and such as are ordinarily conferred on them. This language, general as it is, could not be properly construed as authorizing the city to enter upon such an unusual and exceptional subject its that of rale regulation by a municipal corporation. Such a power does not arise by implication, but must be expressly conferred, or must be positively necessary to the exercise of a municipal power which is itself expressly delegated. That is not the case here, and I really think it is very clear that the city is without authority to adopt and enforce the legislation found in the ordinance called in question in this case.”
This litigation was finally disposed of in 1910 without any final decision on the merits. City of Memphis v. Telephone Co., 218 U. S. 624, 31 Sup. Ct. 115, 54 L. Ed. 1185.
In 1911 the city charter was extensively amended, and some additional public service companies expressly brought within the power of rate regulation. The fact that telephone companies, although not named in the act as passed, were named in the bill as introduced,-is not of much moment. Such a change may be nierfely a withdrawal by the proposer rather than the deliberate act of the legislature. The important thing is that, with this judicial determination as to the ex-fisting power of the city, the legislature again considered the same subject-matter and made no change. This confirms the conclusion as to its intent properly drawn from previous action.
If the rates are unreasonably high, it must be supposed that the Tennessee Legislature will either regulate them itself or delegate to
The order refusing injunction is reversed, with costs, and the record remanded for proceedings in accordance with this opinion.
Act March 3, 1911, c. 231, 36 Stat. 1131 (U. S. Comp. St. Supp. 1911, p, 191).