144 Ky. 614 | Ky. Ct. App. | 1911
Opinion op the Court by
Reversing.
The Ashland Cement and Construction Company did some work for Thomas M. Culbertson on an apartment house owned hy him in Ashland, Kentucky; and brought this suit • avainst him to recover the urice, $347.59; Culbertson, hy his answer, set up as a defense among other things, that the Construction Company had built for him in front of his residence a concrete sidewalk, gut
The contract between the parties for the work and the specifications which were made part of it, cover twenty pages of the transcript before us. To submit to a jury the question whether the work was done in accordance with the contract and the specifications made part of it, without construing the contract for them or telling them what facts they were to find, was to submit to the jury the law and the facts of the case. The jury do not sit as arbitrators to determine the law and facts of the controversy before them; their only function is to find the facts under the instructions of the court. A large part of the evidence before us was devoted to showing that the architect was at the work perhaps twice a week while it was going on, and that he expressed no dissatisfaction with it, and said after it was done that it was the best .piece of concrete that he had ever seen. The jury may have thought when they were left to judge of the contract that this conduct of the architect required a finding by them for the plaintiff. The course of interrogation of the witnesses was evidently designed to produce this impression on the minds of the jury. The contract among other things, provided that the contractor should to the satisfaction of the architect “perform all the work mentioned in the specifications,” The specifications provided that he should perform the work “in the best, most substantial, and thoroughly workmanlike manner, all the work “when delivered up to be finished and in perfect and undamaged condition. ’ ’ It was also provided in the specifications that when the contract was fully completed the architect was to issue “a certificate to that effect, which certificate if unconditional shall be an acceptance of the work contracted for and shall release the contractor from further responsibility on account of the work.” The architect had not given this certificate; there was no attempt to plead or prove this, and this being true, the Construction Company could not claim exemption from liability for the defective work on account of anything that the architect did or said. What he said after the work was done as to the work having been properly done may be used to contradict
It was insisted for the contractor that the trouble in the improvement was due to the want of expansion joints, and that these were not provided for in the plans and specifications. On another trial if there is similar evidence the court will tell the jury that expansion joints were not required by the specifications, and that the contractor is not liable for any defect in the work resulting from the want of expansion joints. In like manner if any other error or mistake in the plans or specifications on either branch of the case is relied on, the court will not submit to the jury whether there were errors in the plans and specifications, but will tell the jury what the plans and specifications require on the point in controversy; for the plans and specifications are a part of the contract and the construction of the contract is for the court, not the jury.
In like manner witnesses should not be allowed to testify before the jury that the work was done in accordance with the plans and specifications. They may testify how the work was done, and proper hypothetical questions embracing a proper construction of any clause of the plans or specifications may be put to them, but they should not be permitted to testify to their opinions involving both the construction of the plans and specifications and the manner in which the work was done.
Judgment reversed and cause remanded for a new trial and further proceedings consistent herewith.