40 W. Va. 627 | W. Va. | 1895
Lead Opinion
In reviewing this case I have patiently followed the points involved down to minute details with an expenditure of time that would he manifest by giving such details, but that would encumber this opinon with a mass of statements and figures which could answer no useful end.
The conclusions reached are tire following: First. The 'Jewett receipts for payment of one hundred shares of stock are already in the name of John. P. Logan, by certificate Ho, 6, for one hundred shares, issued to him as assignee, on the 19th day of February, 1873. Second. There is a high degree of probability that the receipts of payment taken in the name of R. D. Barclay made -for stock, say twenty thousand dollars by Col. Thomas A. Scott from 22d September, 1870, to 9th August, 1872, are not, and have not been since the 15th day of September, 1874, subsisting outstanding evidences of his ownership, legal or equitable, of that amount or any amount of the stock of the Central Improvement Company. At any rate,- from some cause, whatever it may be, Col. Scott’s estate is not made to appear now to be the owner of any stock in the Central Improvement Company. Third. The Central Improvement Company owed its creditors the
I have no question but that'the Jewett stock is already, in and allowed to John P. Logan. Logan' was not a subscriber; Jewett was, with receipts for his one hundred shares, containing the following: “This receipt to be surrendered upon receipt of stock.”-' So that these receipts were evidence of the ownership of stock, and were used to transfer and pledge and deposit as collateral for loans, just as the certificates were. Jewett, about that time, and at the time of his death, in the early part of November, 1875, was hard pressed; “and at his death his estate was in a very complicated condition, and his securities were scattered 'everywhere, and it was
Logan gave a note for five thousand dollars for his purchase of stock. He found the note in bank indorsed by Judge Jewett, and, when he paid it, the money was put to Judge Jewett’s credit, and the certificate of stock was issued to Logan himself, on the 19th day of February, 1873. The treasurer’s memorandum on his books shows that receipts of payment of some one were used. Whose receipts of payment for the one hundred shares of stock were used if not those of Jewett? His receipts of'payment were never taken up and money returned. There was only one hundred and thirty eight thousand dollars in all. One hundred and thirty four thousand dollars including the Logan 'five thousand dollars, are accounted for; and now to allow this to Jewett’s estate runs the amount to one hundred and thirty nine thous- and dollars, which can not well be so if the treasurer’s official report of money paid in on stock, proved by his deposition in this case to be correct, is to‘be taken as true. It is no answer to say that in reaching this conclusion the court would be taking a mere conjecture, based on probability. Courts, in determining’ facts, act upon nothing else but probabilities of more or less cogency and convincing power. In fact, all human conduct and belief is based on probabilities. All that wo have to see to is that we do not go by what is called “mere conjecture” — an inference based on presumptive evidence so slight, so non-exclusive of other reasonable modes of explanation, as to amount to a mere suspicion or surmise; a thing based on feeble or scanty evidence. There is nothing to contradict' this but the fact that he once had receipts which can not now be found. This is because these executors have overlooked in. the wrong place, and not in the right place, that is, among the file of receipts surrendered among the papers of the company, if such things were preserved. I will illustrate the distinction by the Scott claim of stock in
Page 258. No. 15. 133 shares.
Issued to M. Baird. 8 — 6, 1874..
Received certificates as above described.
M. Baird,
By M. Baird & Co., in liq.,
Per W. 0. Stroud.
Transferred to No. 30, Canceled.
No. 16. 267 shares.
Issued to Burnham, Parry, Williams & Co.
8 — 6, 1874.
Received certificates as above described.
Void — Not issued, J. P. G-.
No. 16. ■ 267 shares.
Issued to Burnham, Parry, Williams & Co.
8 — 16, 1874.
Received certificates above described.
Burnham, Parry, Williams & Co:
Per W. C. Stroud.
Here we have the receipts of payment of twenty thousand dollars for four hundred shares of stock presented by M. Baird and Burnham, Parry, Williams & Co., acting by one W. C. Stroud, neither of them apparently original subscribers, but M. Baird holding and presenting through Stroud such receipts to the amount of six thousand six hundred .and fifty dollars, and Burnham, Parry, Williams & Co. holding and presenting such receipts to the amount of thirteen thousand three hundred and fifty dollars. No original subscriber subscribed to either one of such amounts.
If we stop at this point, it'would be a mere conjecture that these were the Scott receipts of payment of twenty thousand dollars for four hundred shares of stock, receipted for. in the name of Barclay, the manager of his private business, and it remains conjecture by itself. On the 13th day of April, 1874, .and down to the 29 th day of August, 1874, when he resigned,
The new president, Phillip Collins, sought information and
The evidence shows that these securities were kept together. They were in the aggregate of great value. Can any one convince us that they have not been carefully looked through again and again, or that it is any great task to search through them for an envelope carefully endorsed, “Central Improvement receipts;” for Mr. Barclay testifies that “he did not know how to ‘keep books:’ in the general ac-ception of the term;” that “he had charge of Col. Scott’s personal business, as distinguished from his official railroad business, from the 1st of November, 1862, until the time of his death, which occurred in May, 1881;” and that such a thing as keeping regular books for Mr. Scott was never done. “I never kept books like these or anything of the sort. When I got a receipt of that sort, I simply put it in an envelope, and on the back of it I put, ‘Central Improvement Co. receipt,’
Charles McFaddes’s Claim.
After the decree was entered directing Master Commissioner Brown to ascertain and report who were the holders of IheCentraljlmprovement Company stock, and to what extent,
“No. 4. Philadlphig, February 5, 1872. Received of Charles McFadden, Esquire, two thousand — dollars, being a 1st installment of forty per cent, on his subscription to one hundred shares of the capital stock of the Central Improvement Company. $2,000. John P. Creen, Treasurer pro tern. This receipt to be surrendered upon receipt of stock.”
“No. 9. Philadelphia, May 14, 1872. Received of Charles McFadden, Esq., one thousand dollars, being an installment of 20 per cent, on his subscription to one hundred shares of the capital stock of the Central Improvement Company. $1,000. John P. Green, Treasurer. This receipt to be surrendered upon receipt of stock.”
“No. 14. Philadelphia, June 24, 1872. Received of Chas. McFadden, Esq., one thousand dollars, being an installment of 20 per cent, on his subscription, one hundred shares of the capital stock of the Central Improvement Company. John*640 P. Green, Treasurer. This receipt to be surrendered upon receipt of stock.”
The stockholders of the Central Improvement Company found by their decree for the sale of the Shenandoah Valley Railroad that in order to reach their claim of eight hundred thousand dollars they would have to bid the sum of six million six hundred thousand dollars. In this emergency they called a meeting of stockholders, formal or informal, to see if anything could be done. A committee was appointed, charged with the duty of securing a bidder for the road, and it was empowered to use the assets of the company at its discretion to accomplish that purpose. This, I suppose, would be regarded as an informal meeting of owners of stock; but there was present, either by present action or subsequent ratification, sixty seven sixty-ninths of the stock. It resulted in their securing a bidder by giving such bidder two hundred thousand dollars out of the stock thus to be realized in full. This bonus was afterwards reduced to one hundred and sixty thousand dollars, with which sum the fund in court was charged before distribution. This was done by the consent of the numerous creditors of the Central Improvement Company, whose claims were thus paid to the last cent, amounting to about three hundred and eighty two thousand dollars; and without such arrangement, neither they nor the subordinate stockholders’ claim would have realized one dollar. This is shown to have been proper, and eminently wise and discreet, and under the circumstances of the hard times of 1873, fortunate. Such is shown to be the fact as far as the probabilities can show a fact by an overwhelming array of testimony, for there is no attempt to- show any fact tending in any degree to establish the contrary. This was a matter for the owners, and the Court has nothing to say on the subject; but Mr. McFadden says he did not participate in forming the committee, and is not bound by their action. Surely, I can not be mistaken in saying that as against him, in order to pay the creditors of his elsewise insolvent company, the charging of the fund with this one hundred and sixty thousand dollars was right. It was also right in view of the
The court also charged the fund before distribution with attorney’s fees to the amount of two hundred thousand dollars. This was based on a private arrangement for contingent fees of one-fourth and more of the recovery made between client and attorney with which, for the most part, the court has nothing to do, and as to which creditors of this elsewise hopelessly insolvent company whose claims aggregate three hundred and eighty one thousand nine hundred and ninety sis dollars and seventy one cents do not complain, and which is agreed to and insisted upon as right by one hundred and thirty four in value and out of one hundred and thirty eight of the stockholders. I am not sure but what, taking into consideration the interests of the creditors of the Central Improvement Company, it was right ; but we do not wish, under any circumstances, to give our sanction to a growing evil of the courts, viz., without any contract between client and attorney, their charging large fees against the fund to be distributed. Therefore, we are of opinion that Mr. McFadden’s ciaim should not be charged with any part of the attorney’s fees, and in so far as the decrees complained of do so, they are hereby reversed; but in- lieu thereof, reasonable, customary and proper charge, if any, on his claim, in favor of those attorneys who had for him and others the conduct of the case, should be made. With this modification to be made in the court below, the rest of the decrees complained of are affirmed, and the cause is remanded for further proceedings.
Concurrence Opinion
(concurring):
The conclusion reached by the majority of the court on re-argument being in accordance with the true principles of equity, as I understand them, I feel in duty bound to change my dissent from their determination to a concurrence therewith, for the following reasons:
By a decision of this Court in the cases of Fidelity Insur
In December, 1882, H. H. Crumlish, a stockholder in the ■Central Improvement Company, brought a chancery suit for and on behalf of himself and all other stockholders who would aid in prosecuting the suit, to compel the Shenandoah Valley Kailroad Company to account for and pay over the assets of the Central Improvement Company, in its control. Immediately stockholders representing nearly one hundred ■and thirty thousand dollars became active and vigilant with their time, labor and means in prosecuting said suit, and have continued so during the whole of this litigation. They promptly made known the amount of stock held by each, and did everything within their power to get at the truth of the whole matter, and secure a prompt adjustment thereof. These appellants and those they represent, on the other hand, so far as any slock was owned or claimed by them, were in a state of absolute nonentity, isio information could be obtained from them or about their ownership of stock.
Mr. C. W. McKeehan, who was a stockholder and became secretary of the Central Improvement Company in 1877, and continued as such until 1884, the books not showing, undertook, in the interest of the stockholders, to find out who were the actual stockholders in the company, and what amounts of stock each held. This was about the year 1884, and was done in view of the pending litigation. He called ■on the son and executor of Thomas A. Scott, deceased, and
After, on this basis, a recovery was had against the Shenandoah Valley Railroad Company, amounting to nearly eight hundred thousand dollars, the known stockholders actively engaged in this litigation called a meeting in the Drexel Ruilding in the city of Philadelphia, which had been the principal place of business of said company, after having given notice thereof in a newspaper, as required by the by-laws of said company, and after doing everything they were able to do to get all the stockholders present on the 25th day of April, 1S!)0, for the purpose of taking the necessary steps to realize on their large, but doubtful recovery aforesaid, which was regarded almost as a hopeless undertaking. These appellants and those they represent had not yet discovered their ownership of any stock. With the exception of James P. Scott they did not yet put in appearance, although from their subsequent conduct, it is not a violent presumption to hold that they or those they represent were fully aware of and had an opportunity of attending or being represented at the meeting; but they purposely abstained from so doing, because the fruit was not yet ripe for the plucking. These stockholders, believing that they had the right so to do, as the owners and representatives of all the known stock, and that they were acting in the interest of all, through the committee then appointed by them, without any objection from any source, pledged one hundred and sixty thousand dollars of this doubtful recovery for the purpose of securing the residue of six hundred and forty thousand dollars; and, as the evidence shows, they did through this pledge, beyond dispute, secure this last amount for the payment of expenses, debts .and distribution among stockholders. The evidence shows indisputably that this expenditure turned what was otherwise a doubtful recovery, without market value, into a tangible fund, under the control of the court. Then, for the first
Equity ever favors those who are prompt and diligent in the assertion of their rights, and frowns with displeasure on those who listlessly stand by during the heat of battle, and, after the smoke has rolled away, come bravely forward, and seek to deprive others of the well deserved rewards of their
Dissenting Opinion
(dissenting):
When this case was decided at a former term, after the best consideration which I could give the evidence, I was of opinion that the last report of Commissioner Brown, finding
This is an appeal taken by the adminstrators of Thomas A. Scott, deceased, and the administrator of Thomas L. Jew-ett, deceased, from decrees of the Circuit Court of Jefferson county in the two cases, heard together, of Crumlish’s Adm’r v. Shenandoah Val. R. Co. and others, and Fidelity Insurance Trust & Safe-Deposit Co. v. Shenandoah Val. R. Co. By a former decision in this Court by these causes, reported in 33 W. Ya. 761 (11 S. E. Rep. 58) an indebtedness Avas established against the Shenandoah Valley Railroad Company in favor of the Central Improvement Company, which a commissioner afterwards found to be eight hundred and tAventy thousand three hundred and fifty three dollars and eighty one cents, as of February 10, 1891. After the case returned from this Court to the Circuit Court on May 30, 1890, a reference was made to a commissioner to report who were stockholders of the Central Improvement Company entitled to participate in said fund, and the respective amounts to which they were entitled, and to audit debts a,gainst said company, and to settle the accounts of the special receiver, and ascertain what Avould be reasonable compensation for expense incurred by him, and a fair alloAvance of fees of counsel employed by him. In March, 1891, the petitions of the foreign executors of Thomas A. Scott, deceased, and of Thomas L. Jewett, and the petition of Charles McFadden were filed, respectively claiming that the estates of said Scott and Jewett were stockholders and said McFadden was a stockholder in the Central Improvement Company, and entitled to participate in its distributable assets. Certain decrees were entered prejudicial to the estates of Scott and Jewett, and then Davis, as administrator c. t. a. of Scot!., and as adminstrator of Jewett, appointed as such in West Virginia, filed their petitions, claiming that their decedents had been stockholders in the Central Improvement Company, and asking for their estates a participation in said fund, and praying that said decrees be re
I have stated such fad^ as bear on the first question which I will decide, and that is whether Davis, the West Virginia personal representative of Scott’s and Jewett’s estates, can maintain this appeal. It is said he can not; that the foreign representatives were parties when decrees containing certain features prejudicial to said estates were made, and they alone can complain of them, that in fact, Davis can hold no place as* appellant either as to those decrees made before he appeared or since, as the foreign representatives were received and recognized as parties by the court, and have never been eliminated from the case, and both a foreign and domestic adminstrator can not represent the estate in one suit. This contention can not be sustained. A foreign personal representative can not sue or be sued outside the state granting him authority. Hull v. Hull, 26 W. Va. 15; Vaughan v. Northup, 15 Pet. 1; Bart. Ch. Prac. 152; Dickinson v. McCraw, 4 Rand. (Va.) 158; Story Confi. Law § 513; Dixon v. Ramsay, 3 Crunch 319; Fenwick v. Sears, 1 Crunch 259; 1 Lomax Ex’rs 121; 1 Rob. Prac. (new) 161; Andrews v. Avory, 14 Gratt. 229; 1 Lomax Ex’rs 142; Doolittle v. Lewis, 7 Johns. Ch. 45; Fugate v. Moore, 86 Va. 1049 (11 S. E. Rep. 1063). The fact may be pleaded in abatement or in bai?. Noonan v. Bradley, 9 Wall. 394.
Without discussing what would be the effect of a decree-for a foreign administrator where no question is raised, yet I can safely say that not only the defendant can raise objection, but that when a suit like this is pending, involving a fund wherein a decedent has a share to be recovered, by intervention in the case, the administrator deriving his authority in the state in which the fund is located, may come into-the case -and demand that his decedent’s share be decreed to him, notwithstanding a foreign administrator has be
The next question is, were Scott and Jewett stockholders in the Central Improvement Company? The commissioner reported on the evidence that Scott had subscribed and paid for twenty thousand dollars, Jewett five thousand dollars, and McFadden five thousand dollars of stock, but had no certificates. I shall not here detail the evidence upon what is purely a question of fact, as I conceive that the purpose of the requirement that we shall give reasons for our decisions refers to legal principles of decision, and was not designed to encumber the Reports with mere evidence, affording no guidance in future cases, like legal principles. Suffice it to say that upon examination of the evidence, we find that Scott, Jewett, and McFadden were such stockholders. The want of certificate does not alone furnish the test of whether a person is a stockholder in a private corporation. He is a
Scott and Jewett so being stockholders, the next question is, were Scott and Jewett property denied any share in the fund in court as the property of the corporation, the Central Improvement Company? Various arguments are made to justify such exclusion. I will state the facts which seem to me to bear on this branch of our inquiry in this case. It will appear from the former decision in this case (33 W. Va. 775 (11 S. E. Rep. 58) that the basis of recovery by the Central Improvement Company against the Shenandoah Valley Railroad Company was under a certain agreement between them, which provided that the Shenandoah Valley Railroad Company should deliver the Central Improvement Company two hundred and fifty thousand dollars second mortgage bonds of the Shenandoah Valley Railroad Company, and income bonds, measured in amount by double the amount of stock of the Central Improvement Company paid in; and, on account of the failure to deliver said bonds this Court debited the Shenandoah Valley Railroad Company with two hundred and fifty thousand dollars, with interest, on account of the second mortgage bonds, and with three hundred and seventy nine thousand two hundred and twenty four dollars on account of the income bonds, reaching the latter sum by taking one hundred and thirty eight thousand dollars as the amount of siock of the Central Improvement Company wlúch liad been paid in, with interest, and then doubling it. When the commissioner was executing a reference requiring him to report who were stockholders of the Central Improvement Company entitled to share in this money, the Norfolk & Western Railroad Company appeared to own one hundred and twenty eight thousand dollars stock (later increased to one hundred and thirty four thousand dollars), and
Then Scott, Jewett and McFadden contend that the amount divisible among stockholders must be divided on a basis treating one hundred and sixty-four thousand dollars as the amount of paid-up stock of the Central Improvement Company, while the Norfolk & Western Railroad Company contend that it must be divided on a basis treating one hundred and thirty eight thousand dollars as the proper amount of paid-up stock. This contention of the Norfolk & Western Railroad Company is sought to be supported upon the theory that the sum of one hundred and thirty eigh t thousand dollars, as the amount of paid-up stock, is unalterably fixed as a matter of res judicata by the former decision of this Court, and constitutes an es-toppel against Scott’s, Jewett’s and McFadden’s contending for any other sum. Let us see as to this contention. The object of the suit of Fidelity Insurance, Trust & Safe-Deposit Co. v. Shenandoah Val. R. Co. was only to enforce a mortgage given by the latter to the former company. We may dismiss that suit from consideration here. The object of the suit of Crumlish’s Adm’r v. Shenandoah Val. R. Co. was to assert a debt against the Shenandoah Valley Railroad Company in favor of the Central Improvement Company. In ascertaining that debt, as above stated, the sum of one hundred and thirty eight thousand dollars was held by this-Court as the amount of the paid-up stock of the Central Improvement Company; and on the basis of that sum, a certain-
I do not question the case cited, Vanderwerken v. Glenn, 85 Va. 9 (6 S. E. Rep. 806) holding that “in a suit wherein a corporation is a party the decree binds the stockholders, though they be not personally parties,” nor the case of Hawkins v. Glen, 131 U. S. 319 (9 Sup. Ct. 739) holding that in the absence of fraud, stockholders are bound’ by a decree against the corporation in respect to corporate matters, and such decree is not open to collateral attack, when those cases are properly applied. I do not doubt that the sum fixed by said decision as the liability of the Shenandoah Valley Railroad Company to the Central Improvement Company and the elements entering into the process of reaching that sum, including one hundred and thirty eight thousand dollars, considered as the amount of paid-up stock, are forever binding on companies and stockholders. I do not question the proposition that neither the Central Improvement Company nor any of its stockholders can now say that the amount of indebtedness fixed by that decision in favor of the Central Improvement Company was not correctly fixed, or that one hundred and thirty eight thousand dollars paid-up stock, taken as a measure or basis in ascertaining that indebtedness, was not the correct amount for that purpose. The stockholders of the one company can for no purpose say the debt decreed against it is too large; the stockholders of the other can for no purpose say that the debt decreed in its favor is too small, because of! untrue data or elements in its ascertainment. The
Shall the loss arising from- the fact that the evidence then present showed only one hundred and thirty eight thousand ■dollars paid up be borne by only some of the stockholders? • Shall not this loss be shared by all stockholders in common like any other loss ? The former decree of this Court, while it fixed irrevocably a cei tain sum as the liability of the Shenandoah Valley Railroad Company to the Central Improvement Company, and bound companies and their stockholders to that sum, did not fix the rights of stockholders as among themselves. The adjudication of the indebtedness of one -company to the other is one thing; the adjudication among stockholders of their respective rights as to each other is quite a different thing. The use of one hundred and thirty eight thousand dollars piaid-mp stock as a factor in the process of the adjudication of the indebtedness of the one company to the other is one use, but its use in the adjudication of the rights of stockholders among themselves is quite a different one. For the one purpose, its use as a factor in fixing that indebtedness, it stands immovable, since it did enter into the adjudication of a specific sum of indebtedness; but for the other purpose, as a factor in settling the rights of stockholders among themselves, it not only is not immovable, but it is not a factor, since it was not used in that matter, as that matter was not passed on by this Court.. That matter has never been passed on by this Court. It simply passed on the indebtedness between the two companies, but not on the rights of stockholders among themselves. That was not the point passed upon by the former decision. To make an adjudication an estoppel, it must appear that the same precise
Another ground for the insistence that one hundred and thirty eight thousand dollars must be taken as the full amount of paid-up stock is that the commissioner, after reporting that the Norfolk & Western Railroad Company owned one hundred and twenty eight thousand dollars stock of the Central Improvement Company, remarked, apparently to show why he had not reported more stock, that it appeared from the records of the two suits that stock has been issued aggregating one hundred and thirty eight thousand dollars, but that he had not discovered to whom the excess belonged, and this report was confirmed without exception as to that point. In the first place, I doubt whether this can be called an actual finding as a fact that only one hundred and thirty eight thousand dollars stock had been paid up; and moreover, the commissioner says: “There appears to have been stock issued and aggregating par value of one hundred and thirty eight thousand dollars.” What is meant by “stock issued?” Does it mean certificates issued? There could be stock without certificates. The order of confirmation reserved right, if Scott’s and Jewett’s representatives should show themselves to be stockholders, to except to the allowance by the report of fees and commissions, but confirmed it in other respects. It is plausibly argued that as yet the claimants had no standing in court, because they had yet shown no right to- stock. The fair construction of the order is, as I think it is, that as the fixing one hundred and thirty eight thousand dollars concerned them as stockholders, the right to except to that is to be regarded as reserved. But perhaps this is immaterial as the decree of May 30,1891, unequivocally confirmed that feature of the report. But it is an adequate answer to this contention that not till after said report was confirmed did the West Virginia administrators
Another reason suggested for adhering to the sum of one hundred and thirty eight thousand dollars as the basis of distribution is that the commissioner’s report of October 23, 1891, fixes the distribution; and that his finding, resting on that basis, is upon a question of fact; and that the law being that when a commissioner and the court have concurred in deciding a pure question of fact, this Court will give the finding great weight, unless it plainly appears to be wrong. Fry v. Feamster, 36 W. Va. 454 (15 S. E. Rep. 253). By the report aboye mentioned, the commissioner took said one hundred and thirty eight thousand dollars as the amount of paid up stock, and after deducting debts, commissions, etc., he allowed the Norfolk & Western Railroad Company, as owner of stock of the Central Improvement Company, a share in the-fund for distribution among stockholders based on an ownership of one hundred and twenty eight thousand and fifty dollars of stock, its share being fifty seven thousand and eight dollars and eighty six cents, and left only a balance of the distributable fund of four thousand four hundred and twenty nine dollars and seventeen cents for other shareholders; and by decree of May 30, 1891, the court again referred the case to him to report who was. entitled to said balance of our thousand four hundred and twenty-nine dollars and seventeen cents; and the commissioner reported, October 23, 1891, that Scott and Jewett were not entitled, and the-court confirmed the report. We can not, it is argued by counsel, apply the principle announced in Fry v. Feamster, supra, to this report, for the reason that it is not a finding on a pure question of fact; or rather, the ultimate fact found is only an erroneous legal conclusion from- other facts already found, which called in law for a different finding. The commissioner had found in a former report, and repeated it in
A further plea for the exclusion of Scott and Jewett is their laches. This plea is wholly untenable, but in deference to counsel I refer to it. Wherein are Scott and Jewett chargeable with laches ? One counsel says, only in failing to get certificate of entry on the books to show they were stockholders. •Surely, this ought not to exclude them. As to entry in company’s books, they had right to presume it would be done. It was not their fault, and the commissioner reports that substantially all the company’s books and papers were lost. Certificates of stock are not indispensable as evidence of stock ownership. Scott had receipts for payment for stock, but they were mislaid. It is said they should have presented their stock, so that it would have been known that the paid-up stock was more than one hundred and thirty eight thous- and dollars, so that the recovery against the Shenandoah Valley Railroad Company would have been larger. We do not know that they knew of Crumlish’s suit to enforce the ■company’s liability against the Shenandoah Valley Railroad ■Company. They were non-residents. There was no convention of stockholders; no order to ascertain them until August, 1890. Scott died in 1881; Jewett in 1875. Their representatives appointed in Pennsylvania appeared to claim their stock in February, 1891, and kept on claiming it The personal representatives appointed in this state filed petitions claiming this stock in December, 1891. Papers to prove payment for stock, are lost. Neither Scott nor Jewett nor
As to Scott’s ownership of stock, a plea of res judicata is relied upon as specially applicable to his ownership. In 1874, a suit in equity was brought by Jefferson county as a stockholder against the Shenandoah Valley Railroad Company to annul three contracts between the Shenandoah Valley Railroad Company and the Central Improvement Company, because, among other reasons, when two of said contracts were made, Scott was president and director of Shenandoah Valley Railroad Company, and stockholder in the Central Improvement Company, and the bill charged that he was a stockholder, and the answer of the Central Improvement Company denied that he was a stockholder, and the court held those contracts void. The fact that they were held void tends to sustain the claim that he was a stockholder. The fact that the decree finds that Walker and Bard-well were stockholders furnishes a mere implication that Scott was not. The denial in the Central Improvement Company’s answer that Scott was a stockholder can not preclude that stockholder’s showing himself to be a stockholder. It
My conclusion is That Scott’s estate is to be treated as a stockholder in the Central Improvement Company in the amount of twenty thousand dollars, Jewett’s estate in the amount of five thousand dollars, McFadden’s in the amount of five thousand dollars and the Norfolk and Western Railroad Company in the amount of one hundred and thirty four thousand dollars, and they are to share in the fund for dis
Another important question is, shall the special receiver have any compensation for services, and if so, what? The commissioner credited him with sixteen thousand four hundred and sixteen dollars and seven cents, apparently intended to be two per centum of the gross fund realized from the recovery by the Central Improvement Company against the Shenandoah Valley Railroad Company. The appellants protest against this charge on the fund, as it lessens their portion. They say he was no receiver, because the decrees appointing him were reversed. By decree in the Crumlish suit (November 29, 18871 a special receiver was appointed in the cause, and authorized to file his petition in the cause of Fidelity Insurance, Trust & Safe Deposit Co. v. Shenandoah Talley R. Co., brought to enforce a mortgage of the latter company, and by such petition to seek the recovery of the demand of the Central Improvement Company against the Shenandoah Valley Railroad Company, and to take such steps to that end as he might deem expedient, and to bring any money recovered into the Crumlish suit for distribution among those entitled thereto. The receiver gave bond under this appointment. In February, 1888, Crumlish’s administrator and the receiver filed such pel ition in the Fidelity, etc., Co. suit, making the Central Improvement Company a party, to assert the demand aforesaid. Afterwards the decree - appointing the receiver was wholly reversed. Afterwards by decree of December 3, 1889, the Central Improvement Company recovered of the Shenandoah Valley Railroad Company one hundred and twenty seven thousand dollars, and a special receiver was appointed to collect it. He never gave the bond required by this decree. Afterwards that decree was wholly reversed by this Court. It is plain that a reversal without reservation is a reversal in tolo and ends all powers as to future action growing out of the decree or judgment. Flemings v. Riddick, 5 Gratt. 272; 2 Freem. Judgm. § 481. After the first reversal, the Circuit Court adjudicated that the receiver was no longer receiver, as it reappointed him; but he gave no bond, and it is held that until he gave bond he is no receiver
Should a special receiver be given,compensation by way ■of commission on receipts or otherwise? There is no fixed rule. Often the commissions would be grossly excessive
He appeared in court February 28, 1893, and admitted that there was then in his hands sixty one thousand nine hundred and forty dollars and three cents distributable among stockholders. That sum, with commissions, debts, and counsel fee, and by-bid, made up the sum recovered against the Shenandoah/Valley Railroad Company; so that, except said sum of sixty-one thousand nine hundred and forty dollars and three cents and commission, no other actual money came to his hands; and of thisi the Norfolk & Western Railroad Company owned the greater part as stockholder. Indeed, I see no decree directing the money to be paid him save that of November, 1887, which was reversed, as above stated. Thus, there is no ground for basipg compensation on commission on the said gross sum, as was done in. the report of the commissioner. We must adopt a specific sum. We find that he was a lawful receiver until February 25, 1889. Prior to that timejhe took some steps of importance in the cause. We can not, as a court of equity, deny him some compensation. It is urged he resisted with the means in his hands the participation of appellants as stockholders. He
" Another important matter is the allowance by the commissioner out of the fund of two hundred thousand dollars for fees of counsel employed by the receiver in the prosecution of the demand of the Central Improvement Company. While the decree of November 27,1887, was unreversed, the special receiver employed counsel to prosecute the claim of the Central Improvement Company against the Shenandoah Valley Railroad Company; and they began proceedings and continued them until they gained their cause in the recovery of the large debt above spoken of. It is beyond any question fair and truthful to say, in a few words, that the services of the counsel were unremitting through the vicissitudes of victory and defeat in the courts, original and appellate, for twelve years, and able, laborious, zealous and faithful, yielding to none of many discouragements often presenting themselves. Orders appointing receivers should authorize the employment of counsel, if such is the purpose, as charges are often made for them after service rendered when it is difficult to deny them. Courts are indisposed to allow receivers for counsel when their employment has not been before authorized. High, Bee. § 805. This decree did not expressly authorize the receiver to employ counsel; but it empowered him to prosecute a suit for the recovery of^the
But the action of a receiver in employing his relatives or’ friends as counsel on his own motion is open to great abuse, except when specially directed in open court, where the interests involved may be heard, and should be watched with great jealousy by courts. Courts must realize that they are • applying moneys in their grasp belonging to persons who, as the power is largely discretionary, are powerless to resist, absolutely helpless and remediless in courts of the last resort. Mr. Justice Brewer said in Central Trust Co. v. Wabash St. L. & P. Ry. Co., 32 Fed. 187: “There has been no little implied criticism in the language of appellate courts of the magnitude of the allowances made in foreclosure cases to counsel, receivers, and others. We are admonished by utterances of the Supreme Court to be cautious in this respect.” He said: “Our duties are as sacred, our responsibilities more solemn,.
In view of the increasing number of instances in this state, in these days of its progress and development, in which courts of equity are called upon to administer the assets of corporations and others, I have availed myself of this occasion to advert to principles which will be of frequent use in the courts. It might be thought that as the receiver has not shown that he has paid these counsel fees, but that the Nor
Therefore, on this branch of the case, it only remains to say what shall be allowed for such counsel fees. Some of these counsel had, before they engaged to the receiver, engaged with certain stockholders, holding a large amount of stock to recover it, having fees in some case for one fourth, in some one half, of recovery, contingent wholly on recovery, which, under the dark clouds then lowering over their stock, -were not unreasonable. It may be that these stockholders assented to the sum of two hundred thousand dollars. If so, that is their own act, but, of course, does not bind Scott’s and Jewett’s estates and McFadden, who stubbornly protest against any allowance to their prejudice; and we can not fix any sum approximating that sum, and thereby charge them on that basis by charging it on the fund. We do not intend to affect in any way am' arrangement which may have been made between receiver and counsel and other stockholders; but as to McFadden and Scott’s and Jewett’s estates, we must treat the fund, so far as they are concerned, not being parties to any private arrangement, as money in court, and deal with it as a court of equity. IVe find that in 1882, long before the receiver wa s appointed and authorized to go into the Fidelity Company’s suit to recover the debt due from the Shenandoah Valley Railroad Company, one of the firms of attorneys employed by the receiver (the receiver being a member of-it) had filed a bill in the suit of Crumlish’s administrator, as a stockholder in the Central Improvement Company, to assert that debt against the Shenandoah Valley Railroad Company, and success in that suit would have procured the fund for all. It does not appear what was the engagement between said administrator and his counsel. This is men-' tioned as a matter touching on the quantum of counsel fees.
One of the attorneys for appellants makes the point that a certain contract bars any claim for counsel fees or receivers’ commissions. A written agreement was made between certain attorneys for certain unnamed stockholders of the Central Improvement Company and the Norfolk & Western Railroad Company, whereby the Norfolk & Western Railroad Company purchased the holdings of said stockholders at the price of five hundred thousand dollars; and it contains a fourth section, providing that the attorneys and receiver in these suits should relinquish all claims for fees or commissions except such as were paid out of said five hundred thous- and dollars, the receiver being aware of this contract, and signing an addendum- relative to- another clause. While I think that agreement would forbid attorneys and receivers from claiming any compensation from any stockholders other than those owning the stock sold by said agreement, yet, the agreement not including other stockholders, it seems to me it does not forbid the stockholders referred to in it from asserting an equity outside of1 it, of calling upon other stockholders to bear such part of the burden as a court of equity, would deem fair. T regard this claim to charge other stockholders with counsel fees as one made by some stockholders to compel others- to share their burden. This agreement, or any other for counsel fees, stands out to itself as made by parties competent to contract, and not binding on those standing out of such agreement.
The last matter for consideration is the allowance by the confirmed commissioner’s report of a sum of one hundred and sixty thousand dollars out of the fund. I state the facts pertinent to this point. The Central Improvemnt Company ob
Therefore, I think the decrees of the 20th day of February, 1893, and of the 28th day of February, 1893, should be wholly reversed; and the decree of May 30, 3891, should be reversed; except that provision directing payment to TJ. L. Boyce of a certain debt therein specified in favor of John Lee; and so much of the decree of March 2, 1891, as may be construed to the prejudice of the rights of Charles McFadden and the estates of said Scott and Jewett should be reversed, and the cause remanded, that a decree may be made according to the principles herein indicated.