197 P. 817 | Nev. | 1921
Lead Opinion
By the Court,
Agnes B. Crownover, the contestant, and Rita D. Millar, the contestee, were opposing candidates for the office of county recorder and ex officio auditor of Mineral County, State of Nevada, at the general election held in November, 1920. At said election contestee, by the count of the ballots by the board of election in said Mineral County, defeated contestant by three votes.
Thereafter and within the time allowed by statute contestant instituted this contest. A hearing of the contest in the court below resulted in favor of contestant, Agnes B. Crownover. The trial court found that contestant received as candidate for said office 306 legal votes, and that her opponent, Rita D. Millar, received 304 legal votes. Judgment was accordingly entered that Agnes B. Crownover is the duly and regularly elected county recorder and ex officio auditor of said county, and a certificate of election issued to her for said office. From said judgment and order denying her motion for a new trial, contestee appeals.
We are concerned at the outset with the question raised by the demurrer to the statement by which contestant sets forth her cause of contest.
The statement was demurred to on several grounds, one of which is that it appears therefrom that the court had no jurisdiction of the subject-matter of the controversy.
“Any elector of the proper county may contest the*85 right of any person declared duly elected to an office exercised in and for such county. * * *”
And section 70 of this act provides:
“When any elector shall choose to contest the right of any person declared duly elected to such office he shall, within forty days thereafter, file with the clerk of the district court a written statement, setting forth specifically: First — The name of the party contesting such election, and that he is a qualified elector of the district, county, or precinct (as the case may be) in which such an election is held. Second — The name of the person whose right to the office is contested. Third — The office. Fourth — The particular cause or causes of such contest. Said statement shall be verified by the affidavit of the contesting party, that the matters and things therein contained are true to the best of his knowledge and belief.”
“The right to contest an election is created and*86 wholly controlled by statute. Section 112 of chapter 46 [Hurd’s Rev. St. 1899], entitled ‘Elections,’ authorizes any one who is an elector in a county to contest the election of a circuit clerk in and for such county. The right to institute such a contest is confined exclusively to an elector of the county. [Citing former decisions of the same jurisdiction.] The petition filed by the appellant in the case at bar did not allege that the petitioner was an elector of Shelby County. The petition was therefore fatally defective, and the demurrer thereto was properly sustained.”
In Gillespie v. Dion, 18 Mont. 183, 44 Pac. 954, 33 L. R. A. 703, the same view is taken. The statute under which the contest was instituted in that case provided, inter alia, that—
“All contests of county and township officers shall be tried in the proper county, and when an elector shall wish to contest such election he shall file with the clerk of the board of county commissioners, within ten days after such person shall have been declared elected, a statement in writing,” etc.
The statement filed within the statutory time by the contestant, Gillespie, to contest the election of the contestee, Dion, did not contain an averment that he was an elector. The appellant moved to quash the statement, alleging, as one of the grounds of the motion, that the statement did not show that Gillespie was an elector of the county in which he was elected. Subsequently, and after the time limited by the statute for filing a contest had expired, contestant filed an amended notice and grounds of contest setting forth, among other things, that he was at all times mentioned in the notice an elector citizen and resident of the county. On the trial of the case the lower court found that neither contestant nor contestee had a legal majority, and annulled the certificate issued to the latter.
Concerning the persons authorized by the statute to invoke its aid, the purpose of confining the right to contest an election to an elector, and the legal effect of a
“We think it plain that no one but an elector can invoke the aid of the statute cited; and, when the statute is so invoked, the party seeking its benefit must bring himself within its spirit and its letter. The law says an elector may contest an election for county and township offices. This excludes all others (except, perhaps, by appropriate proceedings in quo warranto) not electors. * * * It was the letter and policy of the law that, if the will of the people had not been correctly pronounced, if persons • declared elected had not been in fact, electors might contest by simply following the provisions of the statute; but, on the other hand, to avoid vexatious intermeddling by those not interested in the political affairs of the county, the statute permits such contests to be instituted only by those qualified to vote themselves, and does not extend the right to any others. The persons instituting such a statutory contest must therefore make it affirmatively appear by the statement that he is an elector, and thus entitled to institute the proceedings to give the court jurisdiction.” (The italics are ours.)
Upon the point under discussion the court, in Gillespie v. Dion, supra, cites and discusses Edwards v. Knight, 8 Ohio, 375. The court says:
“In Edwards v. Knight, 8 Ohio, 375, Edwards produced in court a copy of a notice duly served upon Knight that the election of Knight as prosecuting attorney would be contested by Edwards. Pursuant to statute, the contest was docketed, when Knight moved to quash the proceedings, assigning as cause the lack of jurisdiction in the court, and that it did not appear from the notice that Edwards was an elector or candidate. The court of common pleas quashed the proceedings. The supreme court said: ‘The third objection, that Edwards shows no right as candidate or elector to contest the seat, seems to us well taken. The candidate is not presumed to know all the electors in his district,*88 and he is bound to respond to none except those who show in the notice the right to question which forms the basis of the proceeding. The contestor offers proof that he was an elector, but we think the right should appear on the record. This opinion is in analogy with the settled course of decisions in this court under the bastardy act, requiring the facts that the mother is an unmarried woman, and resident in Ohio, to be set forth in the complaint.’ ”
The Ohio statute permitted any candidate or elector to contest elections.
In McCrary on Elections (3d Ed.) par. 399, citing the Ohio case, the author says:
“Where the statute provides that the election of a public officer may be contested by ‘any candidate or elector,’ the person instituting such contest must aver that he is an elector or that he was a candidate for the office in question. This must appear on the face of the record, and it is not enough that the contestant offer proof that he is an elector. The incumbent is not bound to answer or take notice of a complaint which does not contain this averment.”
In Pearson v. Alverson, 160 Ala. 265, 49 South. 756, it was held that a petition to contest an election which failed to allege that petitioner was a qualified voter when the election was held was fatally defective.
The following statement of the rule is made in 20 Corpus Juris, 226:
“The petition or notice must show that the contestant has such an interest in the election as will entitle him to maintain the contest under the statutes authorizing it. Thus, when the statutes permit a contest to be instituted by electors, the complaint or petition must allege that the contestant is an elector at the time the statement is filed; and under some statutes it must be alleged that he was so at the time the election was held. A mere allegation that he was a candidate for the office has been held not sufficient.”
See authorities cited to support the text.
*89 “When the statute permits a contest to be instituted by an elector only, the omission of a contestant to show by positive averment on the face of his pleading that he is an elector is fatal.” 15 Cyc. 409.
Counsel for contestant does not call our attention to any case holding to a different rule than that recognized by the foregoing authorities, but he contends that, by virtue of section 72 of the act relating to elections, the failure to allege that contestant is a qualified elector does not render the statement fatally defective.. .We do not agree writh the contention. Section 72 reads:
“No statement of the cause of contest shall be rejected, nor the proceedings therein dismissed, by any court before which such contest may be brought for trial, for want of form, if the particular cause or causes of contest shall be alleged with such certainty as will sufficiently advise the defendant of the particular proceedings or causes for which such election is contested.”
As plainly prescribed, this provision is intended to cure defects of form, when the statement is otherwise sufficient to apprise the defendant of the grounds of the contest. It is clear that it was never designed to remedy such a substantial defect as an omission to allege that the contestant is one of the class authorized by statute to contest an election. Such an averment in a statement is, as we believe, essential to give the court jurisdiction to hear and determine the issue, and cannot therefore be regarded as matter relating to the form of the statement. Section'72 was designed, to remedy immaterial defects.
What we have said also disposes of the contention that the statement is sufficient because it shows' that the contest was instituted by the opposing candidate for the office. Section 70 does not, as did the statute in Ohio when the case of Edwards v. Knight, supra, cited by Mr. McCrary in his work on Elections, was decided, provide that a contest may be instituted by any elector or candidate, but confines the * authority solely to an elector. Consequently the averment in the statement
“In securing a prompt settlement of an election contest there is a strong reason for requiring amendments to the pleadings to be made instanter. Amendments so radical as virtually to initiate a contest of election cannot be made to a statement which really specified no ground at all, or failed to aver the contestant’s qualifications, after the expiration of the time allowed by statute for the commencement of the proceedings.” 9 R. C. L. 1169, 1170. (The italics are ours.)
In Pearson v. Alverson, supra, the court held that after the time allowed for the commencing of an election contest has expired the petition cannot be amended as to any of the statutory requirements. The court in passing upon this question said:
“Election contests are special statutory proceedings, and, according to the best authorities, which have been followed by our own court, are to be strictly construed as to those provisions for inaugurating the contest, and which are necessary to jurisdiction. A short time limit is fixed, because it is important that such matters should be determined as speedily as possible for the public good. It is accordingly held that, if the petition is defective as to any of the statutory requirements, it cannot be amended after the expiration of the time limited for commencing the contest. To construe the law otherwise would render the time limit of the statute ineffective. * * * The first subdivision of section 460, Code 1907, requires that the petition or ‘statement in writing’ shall state that the party who files it ‘was a qualified voter, when the election was held.’ The petition or statement in this case does not contain this allegation, and the motion to amend in that particular was not made until long after the time limit had expired. ‘The statutes authorizing amendments to pleadings, in ordinary suits, cannot be applied to enlarge the time so expressly limited.’ ”
In Gillespie v. Dion, supra, the contestant omitted to
“This omission to aver on the face of the record that contestant was or is an elector (whether in the body of the statement or in the affidavit is, perhaps, immaterial) is therefore fatal;, and, the court never having acquired jurisdiction by the first purported statement filed within ten days • after Dion was declared elected, no amendment offered or made after the ten days had elapsed could give it power to act. The paper filed was not one to which Dion was obliged to give attention at all, and, the statute requiring the statement to be filed within ten days after the date of the declaration of the election of Dion being peremptory, the time cannot be enlarged by the court.”
After further discussion of this question of jurisdiction, the court concludes as follows:
“These views upon the question of jurisdiction lead to the conclusion that the court ought to have sustained Dion’s first motion to quash the proceedings for lack of jurisdiction, and that, jurisdiction not having been obtained by a statement filed within the time limited by law for instituting the contest, no amendment in this respect made after the lapse of the ten days could avail the contestant.”
See, also, 7 Ency. Pl. & Pr. 390; 20 C. J. 235, 236.
The foregoing authorities are in accord with the well-settled state of the law that a statement or other paper by which an election contest is inaugurated which fails to give the court jurisdiction cannot be amended so as to confer jurisdiction after the time prescribed by statute for instituting a contest has expired.
The judgment of the lower court is reversed, the certificate of election issued to contestant, Agnes B. Crownover; for the office of county recorder and ex
Rehearing
On Petition for Rehearing
Rehearing denied.